GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL CONTROL ON THE ÇATALÇAM (MANİSA, WESTERN TÜRKİYE) MINERALIZATION

Date

2023-9-06

Author

Ergili, Hilal

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Çatalçam Zn-Pb-Au mineralization is located in the western part of the Sakarya Zone in western Türkiye. The Sakarya Zone includes segments affected by magmatism that existed from the Late Cretaceous to the Late Miocene as a result of the convergence of Laurasia and Gondwana which provided productive mineral deposits. Tectonically, Çatalçam lies to the west of the NNE-SSW-oriented İzmir Balıkesir Transfer Zone (IBTZ), whose eastern and western borders are not clearly defined. There are six units identified in the study area; these units are Karakaya Complex, Soma Formation, Terziler Granodiorite, Yuntdağ Volcanics, Çatalçam Diorite and basaltic andesite dykes, generally located in the same orientation as most of ore-bearing veins. The Çatalçam Pb-Zn-Au mineralization occurs along quartz±barite±carbonate±sulfide veins hosted in Miocene (~17 Ma) volcanic and sub-volcanic lithologies. Fault surfaces and vein exposures correlate well with surface geochemical anomalies. Geochemistry results show that Au mineralization accompanies Pb-Zn mineralization in the west of the study area, while Pb-Zn anomaly is dominant in the east. This difference is explained by control of two main fault segments. The first one is the westward dipping normal P318 fault, whose orientation corresponds to the general orientation of the IBTZ, which caused the western subsidence of the site and erosion of the eastern block, which is observed as a 100 m vertical offset in the drilling data. The other is the P2 fault, mapped along the western sector. Pb-Zn-Au mineralization at Çatalçam is mainly accompanied by widespread argillic alteration in the volcanic wall-rocks with predominant quartz-illite/smectite alongside varying amounts of chlorite and carbonate. Beneath the mineralized levels, argillic alteration transitions first into quartz-sericite and later into potassic alteration with increasing depth. Mineralized veins and breccias contain variable amounts of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, and rare native gold. The abundance of base metals, presence of Mn-carbonates, and the ore assemblage suggest that Çatalçam is an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal system underlain by a weakly-mineralized porphyry Cu mineralization. This mineralization style differs from all known gold-rich systems in and around the IBTZ, which are generally of low-sulfidation epithermal style.

Subject Keywords

Western Anatolia, İzmir-Balıkesir Transfer Zone, Epithermal Pb-Zn-Au Ore Deposits, Tethyan Metallogenic Belt

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/105512

Collections

Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis