Kamu İktisadi Kuruluşlarının Yeniden Düzenlenmesi Yaklaşımları ve Dördüncü Beş Yıllık Plan ın Politikaları

Date

1981

Author

Ekzen , Aykut

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APPROACHES TO THE REORGANIZATION OF THE STATE ECONOMIC ENTERPRISES AND THE POLICIES OF THE FOURTH PLAN The first part of this paper deals, in historical perspective, with the formation of the State Economic Enterprises (SEEs) and the attempts to reorganize them. In Turkey, the state had a stake in economic affairs, either in terms of orientation of economic life or in terms of state-managed enterprises, both before and after the Republic, albeit adhering to different economic policies. The Republic inherited not only a war-torn country with a totally collapsed economy but also a predilection to create a "national" mercantile class. Prior to the formation of the Republic, state-owned enterprises were operated by the Ministries of Defence, Treasury and Armaments (Baruthane). Following the Republic, they were administered by the General Directorate of Military Factories and the Ministry of Finance. In the early years of the Republic, the economic role of the state could be seen as fostering the necessary environment for the development of a liberal economy. In this period, the state, instead of developing the productive potential of the stateowned enterprises, and reorganizing them to increase their effectiveness, continued to operate them as they were. No new establishmens were formed and the existing ones were continued to be operated as branches of the central administration. After the 1930's, a considerable number of SEEs were established with different legal structures. The attempts at reforming and reorganizing the administration of these enterprises increased in frequency? more complex and wider issues were handled at each attempt in view of the growing number and economic importance of SEEs. Since 1960, the scope of SEEs' economic activities has been further extended, in spite of their continued operation at low levels of productivity* under inefficient management. The second part of the paper examines the policies for the reform of SEEs in the Fourth Plan. The basic principles of the Fourth Plan in this context are the evaluation of the existing potential of the SEEs, and their reshaping in conformity with the objectives and targets of the Plan as sooii as possible. The Fourth Plan envisaged the reorganization of SEEs as "Sector Holdings1', capable of stepping up capital formation in the economy, providing employment, producing indigenous technologies, realizing the production and export targets of the Plan and providing a balanced industrialization, both sectorwise and in spatial terms. A sector holding would coordinate, at the top level, the economic, managerial, and financial activities of the parent SEEs which were to be integrated horizontally and/or vertically into the holding. Production, investment and marketing activities would be carried out by the General Directorates which would function at the second "tier", possessing legal personalities. The main characteristics of the above reform were as follows : ( i) SEEs as a whole will be covered by a single and general legal status ; ( ii) They will be grouped in a limited number of establishments, functioning well and organized efficiently ; (iii) Share capital will be owned by the State, partnerships with the private sector are allowed only in exceptional cases ; (iv) Financial institutions affiliated to sector holdings (i.e. banks, etc.) will be created, or, if they exist, strengthened ; ( v) A uniform employment status for SEE personnel will be provided, irrespective of the SEE's incorporation into a sector holding ? (iv) The Supreme Auditing Council will be reshaped to perform a welldefined economic auditing function ; (vii) All additional funds for SEE investments, according to the Plan and the Annual Programs will be provided by the State Investment Bank under the coordination of the State Planning Organization.

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/109846

Collections

Department of Economics, Article