Production and characterization of dietary fibers from cocoa bean shells

Date

2024-11-28

Author

Bal, Murad

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Cellulose-based insoluble dietary fibers are natural products derived from plant sources. They are interesting due to their techno-functional properties of water and oil holding, emulsification, swelling and thickening. With texturizing and stabilizing abilities, they can be utilized in formulating food products from ice cream to pet food. Developing dietary fiber products from food waste is an ongoing effort to produce natural value-added ingredients, including a search for new dietary fiber sources. In this study, cocoa bean shells (CBS) were treated with a one-step alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) bleaching under different conditions of 0 (control), 1 and 10% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations and temperatures (20, 40 and 60°C) in a 3 by 3 factorial design. The samples were analyzed to explain differences in water and oil holding capacity (WHC & OHC), swelling capacity (SC), emulsification activity (EA) and rheology, yield, whiteness index (WI), composition and dietary fiber content, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Bleaching under all conditions improved techno-functional properties. Increasing temperature and H2O2 concentration resulted in enhanced techno-functional properties. Composition analysis showed an increase in dietary fiber content and removal of extractives and ash. While FTIR spectra showed that all treatments increased purity with more intense carbohydrate signals, XRD analysis showed the removal of silica and other minerals. The improvement of techno-functional properties was explained by the increase in dietary fiber content and changes in morphology. AHP removed non-fibrous components. Therefore, fibrous materials with superior techno-functional properties remained in the matrix. AHP also changed morphology of the structure and produced porous particles with rough surfaces (shown by SEM) that resulted in better adsorption and absorption capabilities of fibers.

Subject Keywords

Diyet lifi, Selüloz, Alkali hidrojen peroksit

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/112916

Collections

Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis