An Investigation of Causal Relationship Between Public Education Expenditures and Economic Growth in Türkiye: Evidence from Provincial Level Analysis

Date

2025-6-30

Author

Çağlayan-Akay, Ebru
Çelen, Mustafa
Yılmaz, Serdar

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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This paper investigates the causal relationship between educational expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye at the provincial level by using annual panel data covering the period 2009-2021. The main finding suggests that the causal relationship between economic growth and public education spending is heterogenous: it varies from one province to the other. Although there is no causal relationship between total and primary and secondary education expenditures and economic growth in a majority of provinces, there is a unidirectional causal relationship between higher education expenditures and economic growth in 41 out of 81 provinces.

Subject Keywords

Panel causality, Public education expenditures, Provincial level economic growth, Provincial level public education expenditures, Panel nedensellik, Kamu eğitim harcamaları, İl düzeyinde ekonomik büyüme, İl düzeyinde kamu eğitim harcamaları

URI

https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/metusd/issue/93165/1543635
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/115137

Collections

Department of Economics, Article