Unveiling the hidden crisis: The reality of underemployed individuals in 2021 for Turkey

Date

2025-8

Author

Onay, Duygu

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Underemployment defined in this thesis as consisting of horizontal mismatch and overeducation. Horizontal mismatch occurs when there is a discrepancy between the field of education of the individual and the field of work in which that individual is employed. Overeducation, on the other hand, occurs when the level of education of the individual is higher than the level of education required by the job. Using TURKSTAT household labor force survey, this thesis aims to analyse the causes of underemployment in Turkey during the year 2021. In order to analyse the causes of underemployment, binary logistic regression models were created for each type of underemployment. Analysis of regression results yields that the probability of underemployment is significantly influenced by a number of factors, including gender, sector, education level and field, age, and firm size in Turkey's labour market in 2021. More precisely, for both types of underemployment, all else being constant, underemployment tends to decrease in early adulthood, followed by an increase in older age groups; vocationally-oriented education programs do not necessarily guarantee educational field and job alignment; those employed in small, medium, or large firms are considerably less likely to be underemployed compared to those employed in micro firms. The impact of other factors is contingent upon the nature of the underemployment in question.

Subject Keywords

Field of study mismatch, Horizontal mismatch, Overeducation, Education mismatch

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/115577

Collections

Graduate School of Social Sciences, Thesis