The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Detector Characterization and Noise Budget

Date

2023-07-01

Author

Agazie, Gabriella
Anumarlapudi, Akash
Archibald, Anne M.
Arzoumanian, Zaven
Baker, Paul T.
Becsy, Bence
Blecha, Laura
Brazier, Adam
Brook, Paul R.
Burke-Spolaor, Sarah
Charisi, Maria
Chatterjee, Shami
Cohen, Tyler
Cordes, James M.
Cornish, Neil J.
Crawford, Fronefield
Cromartie, H. Thankful
Crowter, Kathryn
DeCesar, Megan E.
Demorest, Paul B.
Dolch, Timothy
Drachler, Brendan
Ferrara, Elizabeth C.
Fiore, William
Fonseca, Emmanuel
Freedman, Gabriel E.
Garver-Daniels, Nate
Gentile, Peter A.
Glaser, Joseph
Good, Deborah C.
Guertin, Lydia
Gultekin, Kayhan
Hazboun, Jeffrey S.
Jennings, Ross J.
Johnson, Aaron D.
Jones, Megan L.
Kaiser, Andrew R.
Kaplan, David L.
Kelley, Luke Zoltan
Kerr, Matthew
Key, Joey S.
Laal, Nima
Lam, Michael T.
Lamb, William G.
Lazio, T. Joseph W.
Lewandowska, Natalia
Liu, Tingting
Lorimer, Duncan R.
Luo, Jing
Lynch, Ryan S.
Ma, Chung-Pei
Madison, Dustin R.
McEwen, Alexander
McKee, James W.
McLaughlin, Maura A.
McMann, Natasha
Meyers, Bradley W.
Mingarelli, Chiara M. F.
Mitridate, Andrea
Ng, Cherry
Nice, David J.
Ocker, Stella Koch
Olum, Ken D.
Pennucci, Timothy T.
Perera, Benetge B. P.
Pol, Nihan S.
Radovan, Henri A.
Ransom, Scott M.
Ray, Paul S.
Romano, Joseph D.
Sardesai, Shashwat C.
Schmiedekamp, Ann
Schmiedekamp, Carl
Schmitz, Kai
Shapiro-Albert, Brent J.
Siemens, Xavier
Simon, Joseph
Siwek, Magdalena S.
Stairs, Ingrid H.
Stinebring, Daniel R.
Stovall, Kevin
Susobhanan, Abhimanyu
Swiggum, Joseph K.
Taylor, Stephen R.
Turner, Jacob E.
Ünal, Caner
Vallisneri, Michele
Vigeland, Sarah J.
Wahl, Haley M.
Witt, Caitlin A.
Young, Olivia

Metadata

Show full item record

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Item Usage Stats

42
views

0
downloads

Cite This

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are galactic-scale gravitational wave (GW) detectors. Each individual arm, composed of a millisecond pulsar, a radio telescope, and a kiloparsecs-long path, differs in its properties but, in aggregate, can be used to extract low-frequency GW signals. We present a noise and sensitivity analysis to accompany the NANOGrav 15 yr data release and associated papers, along with an in-depth introduction to PTA noise models. As a first step in our analysis, we characterize each individual pulsar data set with three types of white-noise parameters and two red-noise parameters. These parameters, along with the timing model and, particularly, a piecewise-constant model for the time-variable dispersion measure, determine the sensitivity curve over the low-frequency GW band we are searching. We tabulate information for all of the pulsars in this data release and present some representative sensitivity curves. We then combine the individual pulsar sensitivities using a signal-to-noise ratio statistic to calculate the global sensitivity of the PTA to a stochastic background of GWs, obtaining a minimum noise characteristic strain of 7 x 10(-15) at 5 nHz. A power-law-integrated analysis shows rough agreement with the amplitudes recovered in NANOGrav's 15 yr GW background analysis. While our phenomenological noise model does not model all known physical effects explicitly, it provides an accurate characterization of the noise in the data while preserving sensitivity to multiple classes of GW signals.

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/116401

Collections

Department of Physics, Article