ASSESSING THE TRANSITION TO BATTERY ELECTRIC HAULAGE IN UNDERGROUND MINING: A DISCRETE-EVENT SIMULATION

Date

2026-1-22

Author

LIONEL, GIRISHYA

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Adopting battery electric truck in underground mining requires evaluating its impacton production energy efficiency and performance. A comparative study between battery electric and diesel trucks was done using discrete event simulation model developed in Haulsim using two distinct mine layouts having haul profiles, sources and destinations, haulage trucks and load-haul-dump units and their assigned tasks. Results showed that most non-travel cycle components such as loading, idling, spotting, queue to unload, queue to load, unloading spotting to unload, spotting to load stayed minimal and similar for both configurations. Modest differences were observed on travel loaded and travel empty components for the load-haul-dump where by battery electric equipment exhibits small increases compared to diesel LHD due to higher operating weight. However, on extended distances whether from the crusher to stockpile in Scenario-1 or from ore pass outs to crusher in Scenario-2, haul trucks recorded less travel loaded time due to their instant torque and continuous acceleration and higher travel empty times due to higher operating weight on downhill movement controlled by speed limits and less acceleration. Moreover, battery fleet consistently achieved competitive production and on a smaller cost due to less energy cost and regenerative braking system which helps in recovering substantial amount of energy. Battery fleet configuration emerged as a profitable and sustainable fleet in underground mining operations which can facilitate transitioning towards sustainable mining practices.

Subject Keywords

Diesel equipment, Battery Electric equipment, Discrete Event Simulation

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/118508

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Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis