A GIS-based methodology to assess bus public transit supply-demand gaps

Date

2026-06-01

Author

ERGÜL, HAZAL
Dalkıç Melek, Gülçin
Tüydeş Yaman, Hediye

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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Public transit (PT) is a critical component of sustainable transportation and promoting a modal shift from private vehicles is crucial. However, the accessibility of PT as well as the quality of the service are the major factors for creating this modal shift. Simply having a bus stop can be a misleading indicator of the service quality as it does not carry information on the operational issues. This study addresses this gap by proposing a methodology to assess PT bus service gaps using five factors: the number of bus lines, frequency, service hours, ridership, and surrounding points of interest (POIs). Each factor receives a score (0–3), and these scores contribute to the calculation of supply and demand indexes for each stop. The difference between these indexes defines a “gap index” that reflects the stop’s performance. Furthermore, the system extends beyond individual stops, enabling continuous estimation of PT supply and demand across an area. This allows for the identification of locations with high potential demand but lacking PT service. The visualization of the results in the GIS environment allows easier depiction of PT gaps in an urban region. The proposed approach was applied to evaluate 4113PT bus stops in city of Konya, Türkiye. The findings revealed 1014 stops with low supply scores despite high demand. Additionally, 373 stops had just enough supply to meet demand. The spatial gap analysis further detected areas with insufficient PT service, highlighting locations that could benefit from new bus stops and lines.

Subject Keywords

Public transit, Spatial analysis, Supply–demand gaps

URI

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=105030348062&origin=inward
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/118933

Collections

Department of Civil Engineering, Article