Incorporation of a π-bridge in triphenylamine-EDOT based conjugated polymer for bifunctional electrochromic supercapacitor device

Date

2026-10-20

Author

Keserci, Arya Zelal
Arabacı, Elif Demir
Karakurt, Oğuzhan
Maraslioglu, Cem
Baran, Eminenur
Cevher, Duygu
Çırpan, Ali

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The development of multifunctional electrode materials that simultaneously exhibit electrochromic and capacitive behavior is increasingly important for next-generation energy storage and smart optoelectronic systems. In this work, a novel conjugated monomer incorporating EDOT as donor, thiophene as π-spacer to the triphenylamine units was designed and synthesized, featuring an internal push–pull electronic structure enabling electropolymerization on ITO substrates. The resulting polymer exhibits a reversible redox response with a low oxidation onset potential. Electrochemical characterization revealed surface-controlled charge storage behavior with a b-value of 0.973. The polymer delivered a high areal capacitance of 35.2 mF/cm2, together with an energy density of 5.92 µWh/ cm2 and a power density of 43.7 µW/ cm2, supported by low charge transfer resistance and favorable ion diffusion, highlighting efficient electrochemical kinetics. Beyond its capacitive behavior, the polymer exhibited multicolor electrochromic properties, switching from brownish red to cyan blue under applied potentials, with optical contrasts of 35.5% in the visible region (500 nm) and 44% in the near-infrared (NIR) region (1000 nm).Fast switching times (0.92–1.8 s) and high coloration efficiencies (152–178 cm2/C) highlighted its effective optical modulation capability. When coupled with PEDOT to construct an asymmetric electrochromic supercapacitor device (AESD), the device operates within a broadened voltage window of -0.3 to 1.3 V and exhibits outstanding cycling durability, retaining 98.1% of its initial capacitance after 5000 GCD cycles with high coulombic efficiency. These results highlight the potential of triphenylamine-based donor–acceptor polymer and their device-level integration for multifunctional electrochromic supercapacitors bridging energy storage and smart optoelectronic applications.

Subject Keywords

Capacitive energy storage, Electrochromic supercapacitors, Electrochromism, Triphenylamine (TPA)

URI

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=105043460396&origin=inward
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/119868

Collections

Department of Chemistry, Article