Facies Evolution and Lake-Type Variability Related to Climatic Cycles in the Late Triassic Çakrazboz Formation, Western Pontides, Türkiye

Date

2026-01-01

Author

Şen, Gül
Yılmaz, İsmail Ömer

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The & Ccedil;akrazboz Formation, located in the Amasra-Kastamonu region of the Western Pontides (NW T & uuml;rkiye), represents the only known Triassic continental sedimentary succession in T & uuml;rkiye. This study integrates sedimentological, petrographic, and stratigraphic data from six measured sections to reconstruct depositional environments and evaluate paleoclimatic controls. Field and thin-section analyses reveal a complex facies mosaic comprising three major lithofacies groups: lacustrine, palustrine, and fluvial. Lacustrine facies are represented by carbonate-rich successions, including micrite, wackestone, and packstone, indicating low-energy profundal to sublittoral settings. Palustrine facies, occurring predominantly in marginal lake environments, are characterized by pedogenic overprinting, fenestral fabrics, root traces, and desiccation features, with the Bozk & ouml;y and Ba & scedil;k & ouml;y-1 sections showing more pronounced development of these features. Ba & scedil;k & ouml;y-2 and Ba & scedil;k & ouml;y-3 exhibit fluvial point-bar deposits with upward-fining successions and pedogenically modified mudstones, representing meandering river systems deposited during overfilled lake stages. Stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence indicates that the basin experienced repeated shifts between underfilled, balanced-fill, and overfilled lake stages. Carbonate-rich successions in the & Ccedil;akrazboz and lower & Idot;ncigez sections represent low-energy profundal lacustrine conditions typical of underfilled stages. The upper & Idot;ncigez and Ba & scedil;k & ouml;y-1 sections preserve features of balanced-fill conditions, with fining-upward transgressive intervals overlain by progradational littoral facies. Overfilled conditions are locally recorded in Bozk & ouml;y and in the upper parts of Ba & scedil;k & ouml;y-1, as evidenced by laterally extensive successions that thicken and coarsen upward, reflecting sustained freshwater inflow. These vertical facies transitions, stacking patterns, and diagenetic overprints are indicative of orbitally forced lake-level fluctuations under subhumid to semi-arid climate regimes, contributing to a broader understanding of Late Triassic continental basin evolution, facies architecture, and climate-controlled sedimentation.

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/120254

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Department of Geological Engineering, Article