Repeated Growth of Bacillus subtilis in Undetoxified Hazelnut Shell Hydrolysate to Improve Biomass Concentration

Date

2026-08-01

Author

Tukur, Ummulkhairi
Söyler, Ulviye Betül
Cekmecelioglu, Deniz

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Lignocellulosic residues like hazelnut shells are enormously produced by the hazelnut processing industry and locally burned at most. Utilization of hazelnut shells in bioprocesses could reduce air pollution and enhance the bioeconomy. The formation of microbial fermentation inhibitors during lignocellulosic pretreatment is a challenge for bioprocessing. Biological detoxification is a promising strategy to address this problem. This study used the adaptive approach by repeated growth to improve biomass generation of B. subtilis in the hazelnut shell hydrolysate under various cultivation conditions of pH (5, 6, and 7) and inoculum ratios (2, 5, and 10%). The results showed significant biomass increase up to 6.17 ± 0.07 g/L at pH 7 and 10% inoculum (v/v), implying a 2.4-fold increase over the non-adapted control samples (2.59 ± 0.29 g/L). This is the first adaptation study on B. subtilis using hazelnut shell hydrolysate, achieving improvement in only eight repeated batch (or transfers). This improvement is promising to promote alternative treatments to detoxification for increasing microbial growth in agro-industrial waste and to support sustainable bioprocess development.

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/120550

Collections

Department of Food Engineering, Article