Energy Poverty as an Architectural Problem: Assessing Vulnerability in Ankara's Residential Stock Through Building Energy Simulation and Socioeconomic Data

Date

2026-9-4

Author

Elgin, Başak

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Energy poverty is a growing global concern, particularly in developing countries, extending beyond economic hardship to encompass the spatial and environmental conditions that shape everyday life. Yet it is widely measured through income and energy expenditure, leaving the dwelling itself outside assessment. Türkiye has no official definition or threshold, while Ankara's housing stock spans four regulatory periods and experiences both heating and cooling demand within a continental climate. This thesis tests a dwelling-scale alternative in this context. Low- and mid-rise apartment typologies were modelled in EnergyPlus across three TS 825 and one pre-TS 825 construction periods, six building heights, four façade orientations, six TURKSTAT household types, and two climates, producing 1,152 simulations. Applying system efficiencies, hot water demand, 2025 tariffs, and three income tiers generated 217,728 assessment records, evaluated using the Ten Percent Rule, Low Income High Cost, and Double Median indicators. The first mandatory TS 825 edition reduced heating energy intensity significantly, and the following twenty-six years of revisions added a further 11.9 per cent reduction. Within post-1998 stock, storey position and façade orientation affected heating demand more than subsequent regulatory revisions. The three indicators ranked dwellings similarly but diverged substantially by household type, flagging between 1.9 and 30.6 per cent of the same low-income extended families. Under the projected 2050 economy, measured energy poverty approached zero, while mean summer operative temperature without cooling rose from 26.5 to 29.2 °C. The burden therefore does not disappear by 2050 but shifts to a carrier that expenditure-based indicators cannot capture.

Subject Keywords

Energy Poverty, Built Environment, Residential Vulnerability, Climate Change Adaptation, Building Energy Modelling (BEM)

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/121011

Collections

Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis