Volatile organic compounds in suburban Ankara atmosphere, Turkey: Sources and variability

Date

2013-02-01

Author

YURDAKUL, SEMA
CİVAN, MİHRİBAN
Tuncel, Süleyman Gürdal

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In this study, concentrations of approximately 30 VOCs were measured, between January and June 2008 at a university campus in Ankara. Concentrations of measured VOCs are lower than corresponding concentrations reported for other cities in literature. Average concentrations of the measured VOCs ranged from 0.04 to 7.89 mu g m(-3). Benzene (2.18 mu g m(-3)), toluene (7.89 mu g m(-3)), ethylbenzene (0.85 mu g m(-3)) and xylenes (2.62 mu g m(-3)) (BTEX) were found as a major organics in suburban Ankara atmosphere. The measured VOCs also show well defined diurnal and weekday weekend cycles. Toluene-to-benzene ratio (TT/B) suggested that non-traffic sources can be important during summer months. The m,p-xylene-to-ethylbenzene ratio (X/E) pointed to transport of organic compounds from high-emission districts of the city. Positive matrix factorization applied to data revealed four sources, including gasoline exhaust, solvent evaporation, diesel emissions and a local laboratory source, contributing to VOC concentrations. Strengths of these sources, particularly solvent source, on total VOC concentrations showed seasonal differences. Source contributions on light and heavy VOCs were also different.

Subject Keywords

VOC, PMF, Suburban atmosphere, Vehicle emissions, Evaporative emissions

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/29960

Journal

ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.09.015

Collections

Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Article

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Citation Formats

S. YURDAKUL, M. CİVAN, and S. G. Tuncel, “Volatile organic compounds in suburban Ankara atmosphere, Turkey: Sources and variability,” ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, pp. 298–311, 2013, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/29960.