Bölgesel nitelikli hidrometeorolojik model sistemi kullanımı ile taşkın olaylarının analizleri

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2012
Sayın, Ayhan
Gochıs, J. David
Keskin, Fatih
Yılmaz, Koray Kamil
Yücel, İsmail
Mert, İsmail
Küresel ısınma yada iklim değişikliğinin su çevrimi ve yağıştaki değişimlere direk etkisinin olduğu artık bilinen bir gerçektir. Şiddetli yağış ve taşkın oluşumu gibi uç hava olaylarının iklimin ısınması ile beraber çok daha sık olacağı öngörülmektedir. Aynı zamanda, hidrolojik tahminler taşkına müdahele ve su kaynakları ile alakalı olarak karar vericiler için kritik olmasına rağmen şu anki iklim yada atmosfer tahminleri hidrolojik tahminler için genellikle yeterli seviyede bir destek sağlayamıyorlar. Bunun sebepleri de, kaba alansal çözünürlüklü iklimsel/meteorolojik tahminler, hidrolojik model ile meteorolojik tahminleri birleştiren ara yüzdeki eksiklikler, ve model sisteminde kullanılan küçük çözünürlüklü girdi verisindeki yetersizlikler olarak açıklanabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı belirtilen alanlarda iyileştirmeler yaparak bir hidrolojik tahmin periyodu için kara yüzeyi-atmosfer etkileşimlerini, iklimsel durumların etkilerini, ve başlangıçtaki orta-ölçekli hidrometeorolojik yapıyı daha doğruca ele almaktır. Bu kapsamda, uzaktan algılamalı yağış verilerinin kullanımı ile modellerin kaba alansal çözünürlük problemine çözüm aranırken karayüzey ve atmosfer modellerinin birleşik kullanımı ile de kritik yüzey süreçleri daha ileri düzeye getirilmiş olur. Ayrıca, üç boyutlu veri asimilasyon tekniğinin kullanımı ile model başlangıç şartlarındaki orta ölçekli hidrometeorolojik yapı daha güvenilir bir şekilde temsil edilir. Böylelikle hidrolojik tahminlerde başarının artırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ‘NOAH’ kara-yüzey modeline bağlı ‘WRF’ modelini içeren yüksek grid çözünürlüklü bir hidrometeorolojik model sisteminin ileri seviye grid tabanlı bir hidrolojik model ile kullanılmasını amaçlamıştır. Model sisteminin performansı Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz Havzası’nda seçilmiş şiddetli yağış olayları ve buna bağlı oluşan taşkınlar için değerlendirilmiştir. WRF asimilasyon ile beraber yağış şiddetinde ve zamanlamasında iyileştirmeler sağlamış ve bu iyileştirmelerde model tarafından oluşturulan taşkın hidrograflarınada yansımıştır. Uydu yağışları genel olarak yağışı az tahmin etmiş ve WRF modeline göre daha az başarılı olmuştur. Taşkın tahminlerinde güvenilir yağış girdilerine ihtiyaç olduğundan WRF modeli içinde asimilasyonun kullanılması çok önemlidir.
Hidrometeorological Model, WRF, Hidrolojik Model, Tahmin, Taşkın, Yağış, Uydu Algoritması, Gözlemler, Veri Asimilasyonu, Evidence is showing that global warming or climate change has a direct influence on changes in precipitation and the hydrological cycle. Extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall and flooding are projected to become much more frequent as climate warms. On the other hand, hydrologic predictions are critical for decision-making related to flood mitigation and water resources, but current climate or atmospheric forecasts do not generally provide the required level of support. The reasons for this include the coarse spatial resolution of climate forecasts; the lack of an interface between these forecasts and a hydrologic model; and insufficient input of fine-scale data into the modeling system. Progress in these areas is needed so that land-atmosphere feedbacks, impacts of climate conditions, and initial mesoscale structure of hydrometeorological conditions can be more accurately accounted for during the hydrologic prediction cycle. In this vein, the use of satellite- derived precipitation data is providing a pathway toward enhancing the spatial resolution of available data, while the coupling of land-surface and atmospheric models is advancing the simulation of these critical processes. In addition, with the use of three dimensional data assimilation technique the initial structure of the regional hydrometeorology is more reliable. This combination of assimilating finer-scale data and improving the depiction of related processes can be expected to improve the skill in hydrological forecasting. Specifically, the research proposed herein aims to use an advanced version of hydrological model with a fine-scale hydrometeorological system consisting of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model linked to the NOAH land-surface model. The performance of the modeling system will be evaluated for the selected heavy rainfall events and associated flooding conditions over the West Black Sea Basin in Turkey. WRF with data assimilation provided improvements on the magnitude and timing of precipitation events and these improvements reflected on flood hydrographs simulated by hydrologic model. Satellite algorithm generally underestimated precipitation and therefore it is found to be less successfull with repsect to WRF model. Because there is a need of reliable precipitation fields in obtaining reasonable flood prediction the use of assimilation technique in WRF modeling system is very important.

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Citation Formats
A. Sayın, J. D. Gochıs, F. Keskin, K. K. Yılmaz, İ. Yücel, and İ. Mert, “Bölgesel nitelikli hidrometeorolojik model sistemi kullanımı ile taşkın olaylarının analizleri,” 2012. Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/publication/project/detail/TVRJek5qVTE.