Nickel in soil and water: Sources, biogeochemistry, and remediation using biochar.

Date

2021-06-16

Author

El-Naggar, Ali
Ahmed, Naveed
Mosa, Ahmed
Niazi, Nabeel Khan
Yousaf, Balal
Sharma, Anket
Sarkar, Binoy
Cai, Yanjiang
Chang, Scott X

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Nickel (Ni) is a potentially toxic element that contaminates soil and water, threatens food and water security, and hinders sustainable development globally. Biochar has emerged as a promising novel material for remediating Ni-contaminated environments. However, the potential for pristine and functionalized biochars to immobilize/adsorb Ni in soil and water, and the mechanisms involved have not been systematically reviewed. Here, we critically review the different dimensions of Ni contamination and remediation in soil and water, including its occurrence and biogeochemical behavior under different environmental conditions and ecotoxicological hazards, and its remediation using biochar. Biochar is effective in immobilizing Ni in soil and water via ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, (co)precipitation, physical adsorption, and reduction due to the biogeochemistry of Ni and the interaction of Ni with surface functional groups and organic/inorganic compounds contained in biochar. The efficiency for Ni removal is consistently greater with functionalized than pristine biochars. Physical (e.g., ball milling) and chemical (e.g., alkali/acidic treatment) activation achieve higher surface area, porosity, and active surface groups on biochar that enhance Ni immobilization. This review highlights possible risks and challenges of biochar application in Ni remediation, suggests future research directions, and discusses implications for environmental agencies and decision-makers.

Subject Keywords

CharcoalImmobilization, Soil contamination, Sorption, Toxic trace element, Wastewater

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/91137

Journal

Journal of hazardous materials

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126421

Collections

Department of Environmental Engineering, Article

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Citation Formats

A. El-Naggar et al., “Nickel in soil and water: Sources, biogeochemistry, and remediation using biochar.,” Journal of hazardous materials, pp. 126421–126421, 2021, Accessed: 00, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/91137.