High He-3/He-4 in central Panama reveals a distal connection to the Galapagos plume

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2021-11-01

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Bekaert, David
Gazel, Esteban
Turner, Stephen
Behn, Mark D.
De Moor, J. Marten
Zahirovic, Sabin
Manea, Vlad C.
Hoernle, Kaj
Fischer, Tobias P.
Hammerstrom, Alexander
Seltzer, Alan M.
Kulongoski, Justin T.
Patel, Bina S.
Schrenk, Matthew O.
Halldorsson, Saemundur A.
Nakagawa, Mayuko
Ramirez, Carlos J.
Krantz, John A.
Yücel, Mustafa
Ballentine, Christopher J.
Giovannelli, Donato
Lloyd, Karen G.
Barry, Peter H.

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It is well established that mantle plumes are the main conduits for upwelling geochemically enriched material from Earth's deep interior. The fashion and extent to which lateral flow processes at shallow depths may disperse enriched mantle material far (>1,000 km) from vertical plume conduits, however, remain poorly constrained. Here, we report He and C isotope data from 65 hydrothermal fluids from the southern Central America Margin (CAM) which reveal strikingly high He-3/He-4 (up to 8.9R(A)) in low-temperature (10.3R(A) (and potentially up to 26R(A), similar to Galapagos hotspot lavas) markedly greater than the upper mantle range (8 +/- 1R(A)). Lava geochemistry (Pb isotopes, Nb/U, and Ce/Pb) and geophysical constraints show that high He-3/He-4 values in central Panama are likely derived from the infiltration of a Galapagos plume-like mantle through a slabwindowthat opened similar to 8 Mya. Two potential transport mechanisms can explain the connection between the Galapagos plume and the slab window: 1) sublithospheric transport of Galapagos plume material channeled by lithosphere thinning along the Panama Fracture Zone or 2) active upwelling of Galapagos plume material blown by a "mantle wind" toward the CAM. We present a model of global mantle flow that supports the second mechanism, whereby most of the eastward transport of Galapagos plume material occurs in the shallow asthenosphere. These findings underscore the potential for lateral mantle flow to transport mantle geochemical heterogeneities thousands of kilometers away from plume conduits.

Subject Keywords

helium, mantle plume, slab window, mantle flow, geochemistry, EAST PACIFIC RISE, COSTA-RICA, ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS, NOBLE-GASES, MANTLE FLOW, VOLCANIC PROVINCE, GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS, HELIUM-ISOTOPES, PARALLEL FLOW, CARBON

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/94813

Journal

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.2110997118

Collections

Graduate School of Marine Sciences, Article

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Citation Formats

D. Bekaert et al., “High He-3/He-4 in central Panama reveals a distal connection to the Galapagos plume,” PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 118, no. 47, pp. 0–0, 2021, Accessed: 00, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/94813.