SECURITIZATION OF REFUGEES IN THE HOST STATE: A STUDY OF AFGHAN REFUGEES IN PAKISTAN

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2022-9

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Jamil, Ayesha

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Pakistan is a signatory to neither the 1951 Geneva Convention of refugees nor its 1967 Protocol. Still, it has been accommodating the Afghan refugees since the 1970s. It warmly welcomed the Afghan Muhajireen and assisted Afghan Mujahedeen in defeating the Soviets in Afghanistan. However, in the aftermath of 9/11, Pakistan sided with the United States in the Global War on Terror and fought against the Mujahedeen. Consequently, the conflict spilled over to the territory of Pakistan. Centred on the literature on securitization theory, the primary purpose of this thesis is to study the securitization of Afghan refugees in Pakistan. For this, the existential threats constructed by the state of Pakistan that transformed the Afghan refugees in Pakistan into a strategic threat and liability from that of the asset will assist in analysing the process. The Copenhagen school will assist in classifying discourses and speech acts of the bureaucratic machinery and the political elite of Pakistan to convince not only the citizens of the country but the citizens of the world. On the other hand, the Paris school will look upon the practices and tools employed as securitizing moves or emergency measures to construct Afghan refugees as a security threat in Pakistan by various securitizing agents from time to time, particularly in the aftermath of the school attack in Peshawar in 2014. The study finds that the state’s national interest compels it to either embrace the refugees and manipulate them for its advantage or present them as a security threat and demand their repatriation. The study recommends that refugees belong to a vulnerable category of people, so the state should keep the humanitarian aspect within its purview in its dealings with them.

Subject Keywords

Afghanistan, Securitization, Copenhagen School of Securitization, Paris School of Securitization, Pakistan, Refugees

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https://hdl.handle.net/11511/99540

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Graduate School of Social Sciences, Thesis

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Citation Formats

A. Jamil, “SECURITIZATION OF REFUGEES IN THE HOST STATE: A STUDY OF AFGHAN REFUGEES IN PAKISTAN,” M.S. - Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, 2022.