Date

2023-01-01

Author

Karaman, Osman
Alkan, Gizem Atakan
Kizilenis, Caglayan
Akgul, Cevahir Ceren
Gunbas, Gorkem

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Cancer is still among the leading health issues today, considering the cost, effectiveness, complexity ofdetection/treatment modalities and survival rates. One of the most important criteria for higher survivalrates is the early and sensitive diagnosis of the disease that can direct the treatment modalities effec-tively. Florescence imaging agents emerged as an important alternative due to the current state of theart due to their spatial and temporal resolution, high sensitivity and selectivity, ease of modificationtowards generating activatable agents, ease of operation, and low cost. In addition to imaging, light-based treatment modality, photodynamic therapy (PDT), attained remarkable attention, as it is minimallyinvasive and has fewer side effects compared to the current standard of care treatments. Even though flu-orescence imaging and PDT have these significant advantages, light that needs to excite the agent haslimited penetration in tissues, hindering widespread utilization. Hybrid xanthene dyes, particularly onesbearing silicon or phosphine oxide as the bridging unit of xanthene moiety, gained significant interest notonly due to their excellent photochemical properties in aqueous media, high fluorescence quantum yield,photostability but also their proper absorption and emission maxima that allow for deep tissue imagingand therapy. Here, the design and synthesis strategies, key photophysical properties, their application influorescence imaging applications, and surprisingly limited utilization as PDT agents of hybrid xanthenedyes that emerged in the last decade have been reviewed in detail.

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/100860

Collections

Department of Chemistry, Article