Genome-wide association study in durum wheat under iron deficiency

Date

2024-6

Author

Deniz, Utku

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Durum wheat faces significant challenges due to iron deficiency, which hampers its growth and reduces yield. To develop varieties tolerant to iron deficiency, it is essential to first examine the traits related to iron deficiency in a plant panel with broad variation. Therefore, this study investigates iron deficiency tolerance in 123 durum wheat genotypes and aims to identify genetic markers associated with this trait through genome-wide association mapping. The genotypes were subjected to iron deficiency for 21 days in a controlled greenhouse and analyzed for various biochemical and physiological traits. In general, chlorophyll contents and leaf and root biomasses significantly decreased while FCR enzyme activity and rhizosphere acidification significantly increased. These findings are consistent with known iron deficiency responses in plants and indicate that durum wheat utilizes a combination of two different iron uptake strategies. Notably, strong correlations were observed between FCR activity and rhizosphere acidification, supporting non-gramineous iron uptake strategy utilization. The genome-wide association study identified seven significant markers associated with observed traits. A total of 63 candidate genes were identified, and their Arabidopsis orthologs were investigated for their gene ontologies. The study also revealed significant differences in iron deficiency responses between Turkish cultivars and landraces, with landraces showing greater tolerance. Candidate genotypes and genes for iron deficiency tolerance were identified, providing valuable resources for breeding programs to enhance iron deficiency tolerance. These findings contribute to understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms of iron deficiency tolerance in durum wheat and offer insights for developing more resilient wheat varieties to optimize agricultural productivity.

Subject Keywords

GWAS, Iron deficiency chlorosis, Biochemical responses, Physiological responses, Triticum durum

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/109870

Collections

Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis