The Effects of Surface-Induced Loads on Forearm Muscle Activity during Steering a Bicycle

Date

2013-09-01

Author

ARPINAR AVŞAR, PINAR
Birlik, Gulin
Sezgin, Önder Cem
SOYLU, ABDULLAH RUHİ

Metadata

Show full item record

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Item Usage Stats

73
views

0
downloads

On the bicycle, the human upper extremity has two essential functions in steering the bicycle and in supporting the body. Through the handlebar, surface-induced loads are transmitted to the hand and arm of the bicycle rider under vibration exposure conditions. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of vibration exposure on forearm muscle activity for different road surfaces (i.e. smooth road, concrete stone pavement, rough road) and for different bicycles. Ten subjects participated in experiments and two types of bicycles, i.e. Road Bike (RB) and Mountain Bike (MTB) are compared. The acceleration magnitudes were dominant along x and z-axes. The r.m.s acceleration values in the z direction at the stem of MTB were at most 2.56, 7.04 and 10.76 m.s(-2) when pedaling respectively on asphalt road, concrete pavement and rough road. In the case of RB the corresponding values were respectively 4.43, 11.75 and 27.31 m.s(-2). The cumulative normalized muscular activity levels during MTB trials on different surfaces had the same tendency as with acceleration amplitudes and have ranked in the same order from lowest to highest value. Although road bike measurements have resulted in a similar trend of increment, the values computed for rough road trials were higher than those in MTB trials. During rough road measurements on MTB, rmsEMG of extensor muscles reached a value corresponding to approximately 50% of MVC (Maximum Voluntary Contraction). During RB trials performed on rough road conditions, rmsEMG (%MVC) values for the forearm flexor muscles reached 45.8% of their maximal. The level of muscular activity of forearm muscles in controlling handlebar movements has been observed to be enhanced by the increase in the level of vibration exposed on the bicycle. Since repeated forceful gripping and pushing forces to a handle of a vibratory tool can create a risk of developing circulatory, neurological, or musculoskeletal disorder, a bicycle rider can be considered vulnerable to developing vibration related overuse injuries and/or performance diminishing consequences.

Subject Keywords

Vibration transmission, Electromyography, Cycling, Road bike, Mountain bike

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/55235

Journal

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE

Collections

Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Article

Suggestions

OpenMETU
Core

The Somatosensory and vestibular interaction in human postural control Akçay, Mustafa Emre; Özgören, Mustafa Kemal; Gürses, Senih; Department of Mechanical Engineering (2015) Human upright posture is essential for people during daily activities. Upright posture is a skill, which is acquired before walking during the human development. Classically defined five senses (as the sense of kinesthesia is not included) are not enough to obtain this difficult and important skill. Thus, the humans need another group of senses; i.e., proprioception, vestibular sensor, joint receptors etc. to achieve the upright posture. In this thesis, two distinct stimulations were given to the subjects t...
Effect of the vestibular system on search and fall behaviour of human postural sway Cengiz, Berat Can; Gürses, Senih; Department of Engineering Sciences (2017) In a person's daily life, upright stance is a very essential postural position for using hands, locomotion, communication, etc. These motivations probably help a baby to solve this complex motor task faster. A healthy individual is thought to maintain his/her upright posture mainly by the help of four senses: vestibular, proprioception, vision, and somatosensory. With a classical view, human upright posture control mechanism is approached as a control system with multi inputs almost single output (CoPx). Ho...
The effect of road safety advertisements on speeding behavior over time: A simulator study Özkan, Özgün; Özkan, Türker; Department of Psychology (2022-3) Countermeasures to prevent death and injury in traffic are important for traffic safety. Human error is a critical component associated with road traffic accidents. Therefore, various organizations and decision-makers are trying to prevent risky behaviors via different methods. One of the most used methods of raising awareness and creating behavioral change is traffic safety campaign videos. The focus of the present study is speeding, which is one of the most dangerous violations on the road. The study aime...
The Relationship Between Arthroplasty Surgeons' Experience Level and Optimal Cable Tensioning in the Fixation of Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy Başarır, Kerem ; Kalem, Mahmut ; Şahin, Ercan; Özbek, Emre Anıl; Karaca, Mustafa Onur ; Kucukkarapinar, Ibrahim; Tönük, Ergin (2021-12-01) Introduction: In this study, our aim was to examine the relationship between the arthroplasty surgeons' experience level and their aptitude to adjust the cable tension to the value recommended by the manufacturer when asked to provide fixation with cables in artificial bones that underwent extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO). Materials and Methods: A custom-made cable tensioning device with a microvoltmeter was used to measure the tension values in Newtons (N). An ETO was performed on 4 artificial femur b...
Vibration transmission to bicycle and rider: a field and a laboratory study Arpınar Avşar, Pınar; Korkusuz, Feza; Department of Physical Education and Sports (2009) The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency and amplitude characteristics of vibration exposed to the bicycle and the rider as well as the features of the vibration transmission to the riders’ body. The findings showed that, vibration transmission to the bicycle and the rider is effective in x-and z axis. As a result of increased roughness, effective frequency range shifted to lower frequencies between 15-30Hz at both saddle and stem. The severity of transmitted vibration to the bicycle was fo...

Citation Formats

P. ARPINAR AVŞAR, G. Birlik, Ö. C. Sezgin, and A. R. SOYLU, “The Effects of Surface-Induced Loads on Forearm Muscle Activity during Steering a Bicycle,” JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE, pp. 512–520, 2013, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/55235.