Chapter-3. Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils.

Date

2023-06-01

Author

Kök, Mustafa Verşan

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For the entire production life of a reservoir, oil recovery operations can be divided into three phases: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques generally include both the secondary and tertiary methods, and it is not restricted to a particular phase defined previously in the producing life of the reservoir. The purpose of EOR is to increase the production from reservoirs that can be, or have been, produced by primary drive. Thermal EOR methods are most widely used for heavy crudes recovery. Generally, thermal EOR methods include steam injection, in situ combustion, and hot water flooding. All these methods elevate the temperature inside the reservoir to reduce oil viscosity. To achieve a high oil recovery, chemical EOR methods are implemented for some heavy oil reservoirs. Gas EOR methods include immiscible and miscible gas injection. There are several possible EOR mechanisms of microbe injection.

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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119871507.ch3
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/111776

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Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Book / Book chapter