Investigation of the effectiveness of electrical and microwave heating for oil shale extraction

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2015

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Güven, Selin

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In this study, four different oil shales from Turkey (Bolu-Himmetoglu, Bolu-Hatildag, Kutahya-Seyitomer, Nigde-Ulukisla) that were subjected to retort and microwave heating w/wo three different iron powders (Fe, Fe2O3 and FeCl3) with optimized doses. TGA/DSC (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) were used to characterize these samples. Then, the oil shale samples before and after retort and microwave heating experiments were studied using TGA/DSC, FTIR and SEM analysis to understand the efficiencies and mechanisms of the thermal heating experiments. The effect of iron powders and the amount of them were also examined for this purpose. Moreover, TGA analyses were used to check the effect of temperature program used in retort experiments. FTIR technique was used to specify compound loss after each TGA/DSC analysis. Morphological changes were examined by using SEM analysis. It has been seen that organic and inorganic weight loss percentages resulted from thermal analysis was proportional with oil shale content. It was understood that the clay content established via XRD did not primarily affect the mass losses. Iron powders seemed to enhance the heating process of retort and microwave experiments; however, expected results could not be achieved in TGA/DSC analyses. Using same temperature program of retort, TGA/DSC analyses were carried out to simulate the retort experiments. The results of experiments and simulations were compared graphically and FTIR analyses. It was observed that retort experiments were successful at producing all the organic matter, except in Himmetoglu oil shale samples. By using TGA/DSC analyses, the amount of weight loss percentages during the experiments was reviewed. By doing so, we were able to confirm the production from retort analyses; however, no substantial production was seen from microwave experiments. SEM analyses helped us to recognize that retort postmortems have more char-like areas on their surface, and microwave postmortems have trace amount of increase in their surface areas.

Subject Keywords

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy., Oil shale reserves., Thermogravimetry., Calorimetry., Oil-shales

URI

http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12619554/index.pdf
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/25052

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Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis

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Citation Formats

S. Güven, “Investigation of the effectiveness of electrical and microwave heating for oil shale extraction,” M.S. - Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, 2015.