Spectrophotometric and chromatographic determination of insensitive energetic materials: HNS and NTO, in the presence of sensitive nitro-explosives

Date

2012-02-15

Author

Can, Ziya
Uzer, Aysem
Tekdemir, Yasemin
Ercag, Erol
Türker, Burhan Lemi
APAK, Mustafa Reşat

Metadata

Show full item record

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Item Usage Stats

53
views

0
downloads

As there are no molecular spectroscopic determination methods for the most widely used insensitive energetic materials, 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO), in the presence of sensitive nitro-explosives, two novel spectrophotometric methods were developed. For HNS and TNT mixtures, both analytes react with dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) forming different colored charge-transfer complexes, which can be resolved by derivative spectroscopy. The spectrophotometric method for NTO measures the 416-nm absorbance of its yellow-colored Na+NTO- salt formed with NaOH. TNT, if present, is pre-extracted into IBMK as its Meisenheimer anion forming an ion-pair with the cationic surfactant cetyl pyridinium (CP+) in alkaline medium, whereas the unextracted NTO is determined in the aqueous phase. The molar absorptivity (epsilon. Lmol(-1) cm(-1)) and limit of quantification (LOQ mg L-1) are as follows: for HNS, epsilon = 2.75 x 10(4) and LOQ = 0.48 (in admixture with TNT); for NTO, epsilon = 6.83 x 10(3) and LOQ = 0.73. These methods were not affected from nitramines and nitrate esters in synthetic mixtures or composite explosives. The developed methods were statistically validated against HPLC, and the existing chromatographic method was modified so as to enable NTO determination in the presence of TNT. These simple, low-cost, and versatile methods can be used in criminology, remediation/monitoring of contaminated sites, and kinetic stability modeling of munitions containing desensitized energetic materials.

Subject Keywords

Insensitive explosive analysis, HNS, NTO, Desensitized energetic materials, Spectrophotometry, HPLC

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/63000

Journal

TALANTA

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.077

Collections

Department of Chemistry, Article

Suggestions

OpenMETU
Core

Biomimetic preparation of HA precursors at 37 degrees C in urea- and enzyme urease-containing synthetic body fluids Bayraktar, D; Tas, AC (1999-12-01) An important inorganic phase of synthetic bone applications, calcium hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2)), was prepared as a single-phase and sub-micron bioceramic powder. Carbonated HA precursors were synthesized from calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate salts dissolved in "synthetic body fluid" (SBF) solutions, containing urea (H2NCONH2) and enzyme urease, under the biomimetic conditions of 37 degrees C and pH 7.4, by using a novel chemical precipitation technique.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Association of Antibiotics with the Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferase (3)-IIIb, a Resistance-Causing Enzyme Norris, Adrianne L.; Özen, Can; Serpersu, Engin H. (2010-05-18) The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of interactions of antibiotics with the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (3)-IIIb (AAC) are determined with several experimental methods. These data represent the first such characterization of an enzyme that modifies the 2-deoxystreptamine ring common to all aminoglycoside antibiotics. Antibiotic substrates For AAC include kanamycin A, kanamycin B, tobramycin, sisomicin, neomycin B, paromomycin, lividomycin A, and ribostamycin. Kinetic studies show that kanamycin gr...
Enantioselective michael addition of 1-nitropropane to nitroolefins with 2-aminodmap and quinine based bifunctional organocatalysts Kanberoğlu, Esra; Tanyeli, Cihangir; Department of Chemistry (2015) 1,3-dinitro compounds are key materials in the synthesis of a variety of important fine chemicals. Moreover, they are reduced to 1,3-diamines which are starting materials of biologically active compounds, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. In this study, ((2S,3S)-1,3-dinitropentan-2-yl)benzene was synthesized via the Michael addition of 1-nitropropane to trans-β-nitrostyrene in the presence of chiral bifunctional 2-aminoDMAP and quinine based organocatalysts. In the first part of study, reaction conditions ...
Spectroscopic investigation of oxidation of p-toluene sulfonic acid doped polypyrrole Uyar, Tamer; Toppare, Levent Kamil; Hacaloğlu, Jale (2001-09-04) Oxidative degradation of electrochemically synthesized p-toluene sulfonic acid doped polypyrrole, PTS-PPY was studied by the application of evolved gas analysis using IR spectroscopy and direct insertion probe pyrolysis mass spectrometry techniques. It has been observed that PPY films prepared in aqueous media contained high concentration of oxygenated species even if the synthesis potential was kept low. The extent of overoxidation associated to ketone formation increased by increasing the applied potentia...
Facile control of hydroxyapatite particle morphology by utilization of calcium carbonate templates at room temperature Oral, Çağatay M.; Çalışkan, Arda; Kapusuz, Derya; Ercan, Batur (Elsevier BV, 2020-09-01) Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2)) particles are widely used in orthopedic applications due to their chemical resemblance to the inorganic component of bone tissue. Since physical and chemical properties of HAp particles influence bone regeneration, various synthesis techniques were developed to precisely control the particle properties. However, most of these techniques required high reaction temperatures, which limited the spectrum of obtained HAp particle morphologies. In this study, ellipsoidal,...

Citation Formats

Z. Can, A. Uzer, Y. Tekdemir, E. Ercag, B. L. Türker, and M. R. APAK, “Spectrophotometric and chromatographic determination of insensitive energetic materials: HNS and NTO, in the presence of sensitive nitro-explosives,” TALANTA, pp. 69–76, 2012, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/63000.