The reasons behind lack of technology integration into education

2017-10-22
İslim, Ömer Faruk
Çağıltay, Kürşat
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If the history of Instructional Technology is examined, it is seen that each technological device was admitted as a revolutionary solution to educational problems and was adapted to educational system. Nevertheless, none of these devices were reached to expected high goals. For instance, in 1913, Mr. Thomas Edison stated that motion picture would solve the educational problems, books would be useless and all the information that humankind had would be told via motion picture (Cuban, 1986; Reiser, 2002); but, it would not. In the literature, there are several reasons why high technology devices, such as motion picture, radio, television and computer, were not able to or partially succeed the mission that were responsible for. But, four of them are most common among all media: top-down implementation, lack of qualified personnel, inaccessible hardware and inappropriate software or content (Cuban, 1986; Reiser, 2002; Alkan, 2007). At first, the biggest problem is top-down implementation. Bureaucrats generally make decisions about adapting new technology into education without enough investigation. They generally think that using new technologies in classroom helps both students and teachers. On the other hand, implication of new technology is a crucial and tough process that should be well planned. Not only financial but also other aspects of the process should take into consideration, such as human 28 EDEN - 2017 Open Classroom Conference resource, hardware, appropriate software and content (Cuban, 1986). Secondly, lack of qualified personnel is a big trouble during the implementation of new devices into education. Not only teachers but also technicians are referred with qualified personnel. Teachers, who will use that device in classroom, should have enough information. Sending new device to classroom does not solve the problem. The biggest problems occur after then. If a teacher does not know how to use a device, it will stay at the corner of the class without any contribution. Teachers should be introduced to usage of new devices; moreover, if it is planned to use a new device in curriculum, the curriculum of the educational faculties should be revised to cover new technology. Second part of the qualified personnel is the technicians who will help to teachers to use devices in class; moreover, fix the device in case of break down. Teachers should not be responsible for the maintenance and reparation of the devices (Cuban, 1986; Reiser, 2002). Thirdly, inaccessibility of the hardware blocks the using of devices. Inaccessibility of hardware covers two different aspects. First is the lack of hardware. There would be no hardware or less hardware than enough. If the number of hardware is not enough to the number of teachers willing to use the device, there is a problem. Either, if the device is broken and, related with the former topic, there is not a technician to fix it, there is problem, too (Cuban, 1986). Lastly, inappropriate software or content is a big problem. Although the school has all qualified teacher to use the device, qualified technician to help the teacher and to support maintenance and necessary device to be used, nothing will happen without appropriate software or content. For instance, computers are only a piece metal without operating systems. Operating system is a prerequisite of computer. Then, if there is no web browser, it does not connect to the Internet. Then, if there is no video player and codec, it does not play the videos. Even if, all these prerequisites are supported, computers will be standalone machines without educational content to use computers (Cuban, 1986; Reiser, 2002; Chadwick, 2002). In conclusion, to not to make same mistakes which have done in the past, these entire four topics should be supported. All four topics are related with other as the legs of a table. Even if one is absent, others cannot balance and it will break down.
Technology integration, Barriers, Schools
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/85960
http://openschool2017.ea.gr/sites/default/files/OCC_Athens2017_bookofabstracts.pdf
Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Conference / Seminar

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Citation Formats
Ö. F. İslim and K. Çağıltay, “The reasons behind lack of technology integration into education,” 2017, Accessed: 00, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/85960.
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