High entropy sulfides as cathode materials for thermal batteries

Date

2024-11-22

Author

Aşcı, Cem

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Thermal batteries are primary batteries and are mostly utilized in military applications such as power supply for electronic units in guided missiles or satellites, and ejection seats in fighters. They exhibit high power density, long shelf life, which can be more than 25 years, and can perform under challenging operation conditions such as high acceleration and shock. Research on thermal batteries primarily focuses on developing new cathode materials to enhance electrochemical performance and meet evolving demands. Recently, high entropy materials have gained attention due to their unique properties arising from core effects like synergistic effect, lattice distortion, and sluggish diffusion. Although high entropy sulfides have been investigated in a few studies, there is obscurity on their applicability in batteries operating at elevated temperatures and requiring high current density profiles. This study focused on determining the electrochemical characteristics of these sulfides as thermal battery cathodes and investigated the effects of multiple equimolar cations on the electrochemical performance. High entropy sulfides were synthesized via solvothermal and mechanochemical methods. Single cell tests showed that these materials significantly enhance open-circuit voltage, specific capacity, and energy at different discharge temperatures. Furthermore, their electrochemical characteristics were effectively manipulated by substituting primary elements such as chromium and manganese with copper and titanium, and by adjusting the molar fraction of the principal element cobalt. These results suggest high entropy sulfides can be tailored for thermal batteries requiring higher platform voltages with shorter operation times, lower discharge voltages with extended times, or high operating temperatures by modifying principal elements.

Subject Keywords

Thermal battery, High entropy sulfide, High entropy, Cathode

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/112706

Collections

Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis