Show/Hide Menu
Hide/Show Apps
Logout
Türkçe
Türkçe
Search
Search
Login
Login
OpenMETU
OpenMETU
About
About
Open Science Policy
Open Science Policy
Open Access Guideline
Open Access Guideline
Postgraduate Thesis Guideline
Postgraduate Thesis Guideline
Communities & Collections
Communities & Collections
Help
Help
Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
Guides
Guides
Thesis submission
Thesis submission
MS without thesis term project submission
MS without thesis term project submission
Publication submission with DOI
Publication submission with DOI
Publication submission
Publication submission
Supporting Information
Supporting Information
General Information
General Information
Copyright, Embargo and License
Copyright, Embargo and License
Contact us
Contact us
Effect of chromium on the oxidation of steels used in the construction of petroleum refinery heaters
Download
index.pdf
Date
2013
Author
Sultan, Abdelrahman Saleh
Metadata
Show full item record
Item Usage Stats
189
views
100
downloads
Cite This
Low chromium steels used in the construction of petroleum refinery heaters work in flue gas environments containing water vapor. On the other hand, the higher oxidation rates of chromium containing steels in moist atmospheres have been reported. P-5, P-22, P-11(containing 5, 2.25 and 1.25 %Cr) and C-5 steels, used in petroleum refinery construction, were subjected to isothermal oxidation tests. These steels were tested in two different environments; air and flue gas of natural gas combustion -CO2+2H2O+7.52N2 gas mixture- by using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. They were tested at 450 and 500oC to cover the temperature range used in the operation of heaters. From the analysis it was found that P-5 steel retained the best oxidation resistance among all steels in air while in CO2+N2+H2O environment, C-5 was superior to P-5 and P-22. To analyze the oxides and to correlate the TGA results to oxide composition and morphology; optical microscopy, SEM-EDX examinations and XRD measurement were performed. The lower oxidation rates of P-5 and P-22 steels in air were explained with reference to an oxide layer with higher chromium at the surface. On the other hand, the higher oxidation rate in CO2+2H2O+7.52N2, was explained by the loss of the protective property of the oxide due to internal oxidation of chromium. The higher corrosivity of water vapor containing environments on Cr containing steels was attributed to the increase in permeability of oxidants to steel due to expansion of lattice parameters by dissolution of hydrogen which was formed by the combustion reaction and/or decomposition of water vapor. It was shown that addition of free oxygen to H2O containing environments reduces the rate of oxidation. R value representing the ratio of H2O to O2 mole fraction was found to be an important parameter to determine the behavior of Cr containing steels in moist atmosphere in the presence of free oxygen.
Subject Keywords
Steel
,
Steel
,
Chromium compounds.
,
Petroleum
URI
http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12616382/index.pdf
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/22869
Collections
Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis
Suggestions
OpenMETU
Core
Influence of water vapour on high temperature oxidation of steels used in petroleum refinery heaters
Sultan, A.; Karakaya, İshak; Erdogan, M. (2012-02-01)
The oxidation behaviours of three different steels used in the construction of petroleum refinery heaters were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. C-5, P-11 and P-22 steel samples were tested in two different environments: air and CO2+2H2O+7.52N2, a gas composition which simulates the combustion products of natural gas, at 450 and 500 degrees C. P-22 steel had the best oxidation resistance at both temperatures in air. In CO2+2H2O+7.52N2 environment, the oxidations of all the steels w...
Effect of alumina incorporation on the sulfur tolerance of the dual-catalyst aftertreatment system for reduction of nitrogen oxides under lean conditions
Sinha Majumdar, Sreshtha; Alexander, Anne-Marie; Gawade, Preshit; Çelik, Gökhan; Ozkan, Umit S. (2019-01-15)
Presence of sulfur or sulfur additives in natural gas lead to the formation of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust stream of natural gas-fired lean-burn engines. The sulfur tolerance and hydrothermal stability of the dual-catalyst aftertreatment system comprising a reduction catalyst (palladium supported on sulfated zirconia-Pd/SZ) and an oxidation catalyst (cobalt oxide supported on ceria-CoOx/CeO2) for NOx reduction under lean-burn conditions has been tested under simulated engine exhaust conditions. Alumina-in...
Effects of heat input on metallurgical behavior in HAZ of multi-pass and multi-layer welded IN-939 superalloy
Mashhuriazar, Amirhossein; Gür, Cemil Hakan; Sajuri, Zainuddin; Omidvar, Hamid (2021-11-01)
The hot components of a gas turbine are susceptible to damage in the high-temperature environment of turbine engine operation. Given that these components are relatively costly to manufacture, they are often repaired than replaced when damaged. Fusion welding is an economical method for repairing the damaged components of a gas turbine. This research examines the roles of heat input, pass number and layer number on the intergranular liquation cracking of the Inconel-939 (IN-939) precipitate nickel base supe...
EFFECT OF ELECTRON AND GAMMA-RAY IRRADIATION ON THE CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AND ATOMIC DISTRIBUTION OF COPPER-BASED AND IRON-BASED ALLOYS
BINNATOV, KG; RODIONOV, YL; Mehrabov, Amdulla; ALIZADE, II (1990-01-01)
This paper reports that the oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur contents of steels and alloys can vary as a result of irradiation by electrons and gamma rays at comparatively low temperatures. As this takes place, the materials can be either saturated with these elements, or these elements can be removed from the irradiated materials, depending on the irradiation medium. Transformations are initiated as a result of radiation-stimulated oxygenation of copper-iron, iron-manganese, and iron-nickel a...
Effects of operational parameters and ultrasonic pretreatment on supercritical CO2 extraction of diesel fuel from soil
Guvenc, A; Mehmetoglu, U; Mehmetoglu, T (Informa UK Limited, 2004-01-01)
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2 was performed on soil material artificially contaminated with diesel fuel. Raising the temperature from 313 K to 343 K caused the recovery efficiency to increase from 52 to 76%. Pressure and CO2 flow rate were found to be less important. As expected, increasing extraction time resulted in higher recoveries. Ultrasonic pretreatment of the soil material was found to be very effective, possibly due to disrupting the strong interaction bonding between soil matrix a...
Citation Formats
IEEE
ACM
APA
CHICAGO
MLA
BibTeX
A. S. Sultan, “Effect of chromium on the oxidation of steels used in the construction of petroleum refinery heaters,” Ph.D. - Doctoral Program, Middle East Technical University, 2013.
