Population Genomics Reveal Recent Speciation and Rapid Evolutionary Adaptation in Polar Bears

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Date

2014-05-08

Author

Liu, Shiping
Lorenzen, Eline D.
Fumagalli, Matteo
Li, Bo
Harris, Kelley
Xiong, Zijun
Zhou, Long
Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand
Somel, Mehmet
Babbitt, Courtney
Wray, Greg
Li, Jianwen
He, Weiming
Wang, Zhuo
Fu, Wenjing
Xiang, Xueyan
Morgan, Claire C.
Doherty, Aoife
O'Connell, Mary J.
McInerney, James O.
Born, Erik W.
Dalen, Love
Dietz, Rune
Orlando, Ludovic
Sonne, Christian
Zhang, Guojie
Nielsen, Rasmus
Willerslev, Eske
Wang, Jun

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Polar bears are uniquely adapted to life in the High Arctic and have undergone drastic physiological changes in response to Arctic climates and a hyper-lipid diet of primarily marine mammal prey. We analyzed 89 complete genomes of polar bear and brown bear using population genomic modeling and show that the species diverged only 479-343 thousand years BP. We find that genes on the polar bear lineage have been under stronger positive selection than in brown bears; nine of the top 16 genes under strong positive selection are associated with cardiomyopathy and vascular disease, implying important reorganization of the cardiovascular system. One of the genes showing the strongest evidence of selection, APOB, encodes the primary lipoprotein component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL); functional mutations in APOB may explain how polar bears are able to cope with life-long elevated LDL levels that are associated with high risk of heart disease in humans.

Subject Keywords

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/44818

Journal

CELL

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.054

Collections

Department of Biology, Article

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Citation Formats

S. Liu et al., “Population Genomics Reveal Recent Speciation and Rapid Evolutionary Adaptation in Polar Bears,” CELL, pp. 785–794, 2014, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/44818.