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Energy scavenging from low-frequency vibrations by using frequency up-conversion for wireless sensor applications
Date
2008-03-01
Author
Külah, Haluk
Najafi, Khalil
Metadata
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This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
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This paper presents an electromagnetic (EM) vibration-to-electrical power generator for wireless sensors, which can scavenge energy from low-frequency external vibrations. For most wireless applications, the ambient vibration is generally at very low frequencies (1-100 Hz), and traditional scavenging techniques cannot generate enough energy for proper operation. The reported generator up-converts low-frequency environmental vibrations to a higher frequency through a mechanical frequency up-converter using a magnet, and hence provides more efficient energy conversion at low frequencies. Power is generated by means of EM induction using a magnet and coils on top of resonating cantilever beams. The proposed approach has been demonstrated using a macroscale version, which provides 170 nW maximum power and 6 mV maximum voltage. For the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) version, the expected maximum power and maximum voltage from a single cantilever is 3.97 mu W and 76 mV, respectively, in vacuum. Power level can be increased further by using series-connected cantilevers without increasing the overall generator area, which is 4 mm(2). This system provides more than an order of magnitude better energy conversion for 10-100 Hz ambient vibration range, compared to a conventional large mass/coil system.
Subject Keywords
Energy scavenging
,
Energy harvesting
,
Frequency up-conversion
,
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
,
Wireless sensors
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/46824
Journal
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2008.917125
Collections
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Article