Energy scavenging from low-frequency vibrations by using frequency up-conversion for wireless sensor applications

Date

2008-03-01

Author

Külah, Haluk

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This paper presents an electromagnetic (EM) vibration-to-electrical power generator for wireless sensors, which can scavenge energy from low-frequency external vibrations. For most wireless applications, the ambient vibration is generally at very low frequencies (1-100 Hz), and traditional scavenging techniques cannot generate enough energy for proper operation. The reported generator up-converts low-frequency environmental vibrations to a higher frequency through a mechanical frequency up-converter using a magnet, and hence provides more efficient energy conversion at low frequencies. Power is generated by means of EM induction using a magnet and coils on top of resonating cantilever beams. The proposed approach has been demonstrated using a macroscale version, which provides 170 nW maximum power and 6 mV maximum voltage. For the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) version, the expected maximum power and maximum voltage from a single cantilever is 3.97 mu W and 76 mV, respectively, in vacuum. Power level can be increased further by using series-connected cantilevers without increasing the overall generator area, which is 4 mm(2). This system provides more than an order of magnitude better energy conversion for 10-100 Hz ambient vibration range, compared to a conventional large mass/coil system.

Subject Keywords

Energy scavenging, Energy harvesting, Frequency up-conversion, Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), Wireless sensors

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/46824

Journal

IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2008.917125

Collections

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Article

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Citation Formats

H. Külah, “Energy scavenging from low-frequency vibrations by using frequency up-conversion for wireless sensor applications,” IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, pp. 261–268, 2008, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/46824.