An Evaluation of the Binders and Aggregates Used in Artificial Stone Architectural Claddings and Elements in Late 19th-Early 20th Centuries

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207-221.pdf

Date

2010

Author

Ersen, Ahmet
Gürdal, Erol
Güleç, Ahmet
Baturayoğlu Yöney, Nilüfer
Polat Pekmezci, Işıl
Verdön, İrem

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The material defined as ‘artificial stone’, frequently used on the façades of the late 19th and early 20th century buildings, is a mixture of binder, aggregate and other additives and may either be applied directly as a coating on wall surfaces or precast in moulds and then attached to façades as decorative architectural elements (1). One of the effects of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century was a tendency to standardize architectural production, which in turn moved away from time-consuming and costly traditional techniques in search of those in accordance with the dynamic social, economic and cultural structure of the period. One of the resulting solutions was the rapidly mass-produced artificial stones that replaced the traditional stone masonry. The aim of this research is to evaluate the use of artificial stone on the exterior façades of buildings dated to turn of the last century in terms of architecture and conservation science, focusing on the classification of their constituent binders and aggregates. The experiments, conducted according to related national and international standards based on research programs recommended for similar mortar and plaster samples in literature, enabled the determination of the physical, raw material and mineralogical characteristics of the samples. Results indicate that all the binders have hydraulic quality, some being artificial cements and/or natural water limes and others being fat limes, mixed with mostly artificial pozzolanic additives. The identification of calcium sulphate enabled the classification cements as opposed to limes. Compared to mortars and concretes, the aggregates are smaller in size and usually lighter in colour, such as white sand, and crushed marble and lime stone. The use of fibrous aggregates as well as artificial pozzolanic aggregates with hydraulic binders including cements, on the other hand, may indicate the continuity of tradition and/or distrust in these new materials.

Subject Keywords

Artificial stone, Development of hydarulic binders, Historic cements

URI

http://jfa.arch.metu.edu.tr/archive/0258-5316/2010/cilt27/sayi_2/207-221.pdf
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/50948

Journal

ODTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

DOI

https://doi.org/10.4305/METU.JFA.2010.2.11

Collections

Department of Architecture, Article

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Citation Formats

A. Ersen, E. Gürdal, A. Güleç, N. Baturayoğlu Yöney, I. Polat Pekmezci, and İ. Verdön, “An Evaluation of the Binders and Aggregates Used in Artificial Stone Architectural Claddings and Elements in Late 19th-Early 20th Centuries,” ODTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 207–221, 2010, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://jfa.arch.metu.edu.tr/archive/0258-5316/2010/cilt27/sayi_2/207-221.pdf.