Development of rare-earth free permanent magnets

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2017
Genç Ünalan, Ayşe Merve
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Magnetic materials play a critical role in devices for the conversion, transmission and energy storage. There is a growing demand for NdFeB permanent magnets with high coercivity and magnetic flux. These magnets have been the focus of research for almost 30 years. While magnets are increasingly dependent upon rare-earths, there has been an effort to minimize or substitute their use. In this study, two permanent magnet alloys without any rare-earth elements have been investigated in details. AlNiCo magnets are good candidates to be produced with novel methods and investigated with the latest analysis techniques. Magnetic materials exhibit unique properties at nanoscales and the behavior of AlNiCo magnets in nanoscale is uncertain. Ball milling and hydrogen plasma experiments have been carried out for nanopowder synthesis. Nanoparticles of AlNiCo 5-7 alloy produced by plasma technique showed higher coercivity relative to ball-milled powders. Core/shell structure contributes to the increase in coercivity due to effective exchange coupling and the shell serves as a protective layer against room temperature oxidation. Magnetism of MnAl alloys derives from a ferromagnetic metastable τ-phase. In order to improve the magnetic properties, ε-to-τ transformation should be well established. Microstructural, thermal and crystallographic analysis are carried out with synchrotron analysis. It is observed that there is a compositional limit to ferromagnetic τ-phase formation. ε→τ transformation is found to be dependent on ordering of the ε-phase and can only proceed with ε'-phase. As Mn content increases compositional ordering do not take place and stable phases form. In the third part of the study, 3D printing is presented as a novel manufacturing method for permanent magnets in composite structure. A filament of magnetic MnAl powders embedded in a polymer binding material is produced through extrusion. Operating parameters are optimized and several prototypes are printed. It is observed that magnetic properties of bonded magnets are affected by the weight ratio and magnetic properties of the magnetic filler.
Permanent magnets., Ferromagnetism., Magnesium alloys., Aluminum alloys.
http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12621677/index.pdf
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/26977
Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis

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Citation Formats
A. M. Genç Ünalan, “Development of rare-earth free permanent magnets,” Ph.D. - Doctoral Program, Middle East Technical University, 2017.
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