Particulate matter (PM10) in Istanbul: Origin, source areas and potential impact on surrounding regions

Date

2011-12-01

Author

Koçak, Mustafa
Zarmpas, P.
Im, U.
Bougiatioti, A.
Yenigun, O.
Mihalopoulos, N.

Metadata

Show full item record

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Item Usage Stats

143
views

0
downloads

Water-soluble ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, C2O4-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+,Ca2+), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) and trace metals (Al, Ca, Ti, V. Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) were measured in aerosol PM10 samples above the megacity of Istanbul between November 2007 and June 2009. Source apportionment analysis using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) indicates that approximately 80% of the PM10 is anthropogenic in origin (secondary, refuse incineration, fuel oil and solid fuel combustion and traffic). Crustal and sea salt account for 10.2 and 7.5% of the observed mass, respectively. In general, anthropogenic (except secondary) aerosol shows higher concentrations and contributions in winter. Mean concentration and contribution of crustal source is found to be more important during the transitional period due to mineral dust transport from North Africa. During the sampling period, 42 events exceeding the limit value of 50 mu g m(-3) are identified. A significant percentage (91%; n = 38) of these exceedances is attributed to anthropogenic sources. Potential Source Contribution Function analysis highlights that Istanbul is affected from distant sources from Balkans and Western Europe during winter and from Eastern Europe during summer. On the other hand, Istanbul sources influence western Black Sea and Eastern Europe during winter and Aegean and Levantine Sea during summer.

Subject Keywords

Istanbul, Source apportionment, Potential source contribution function

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/30485

Journal

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.007

Collections

Graduate School of Marine Sciences, Article

Suggestions

OpenMETU
Core

Atmospheric trace element and major ion concentrations over the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Identification of anthropogenic source regions GÜLLÜ, GÜLEN; DOĞAN, GÜRAY; Tuncel, Süleyman Gürdal (2005-11-01) Concentrations of elements and ions measured in aerosol samples collected from March 1992 to the end of December 1993 were investigated to identify source regions affecting chemical composition of aerosols in the eastern Mediterranean atmosphere. Collected samples were analyzed for approximately 40 elements and ions using a combination of atomic absorption spectrometry, instrumental neutron activation analysis, ion chromatography and colorimetry. Statistical techniques, such as enrichment factors and a non-...
Metallic composition and source apportionment of fine and coarse particles using positive matrix factorization in the southern Black Sea atmosphere TECER, LOKMAN HAKAN; Tuncel, Süleyman Gürdal; KARACA, FERHAT; Alagha, Omar; Suren, Pinar; Zararsız, Abdullah; Kirmaz, Ridvan (2012-11-15) In this study, coarse- (PM2.5-10) and fine (PM2.5) fraction aerosol samples were collected using a dichotomous sampler, and their metallic composition (Mg, Al, Ti, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence. The average crustal enrichment factor (EFc) values of Pb, Cu, SO42-. and Zn are greater than 10 for both coarse- and fine-fraction aerosols, which indicates that anthropogenic sources account for the concentrations of these four elements in both the fractions. In this ...
Trace and major element compositions of Black Sea aerosol KARAKAŞ, DURAN; Olmez, I; Tosun, S; Tuncel, Süleyman Gürdal (2004-01-01) Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), ion chromatography (IC) and visible spectrometry (VIS) were used to determine the composition of atmospheric aerosols, collected at a rural site in the Western Black Sea Coast of Turkey. A total of 3 54 daily aerosol samples were analyzed for 46 trace and major elements and ions. Sample preparation, quality control ...
Spectroelectrochemistry of potassium ethylxanthate, bis(ethylxanthato)nickel(II) and tetraethylammonium tris(ethylxanthato)nickelate(II) Dag, O; Yaman, SO; Önal, Ahmet Muhtar; Isci, H (2001-10-07) Electrochemical and chemical oxidation of S2COEt-, Ni(S2COEt)(2), and [Ni(S2COEt)(3)](-) have been studied by CV and in situ UV-VIS spectroscopy in acetonitrile. Cyclic voltammograms of S2COEt- and Ni(S2COEt)(2) display one (0.00 V) and two (0.35 and 0.80 V) irreversible oxidation peaks, respectively, referenced to an Ag/Ag+ (0.10 M) electrode. However, the cyclic voltammogram of [Ni(S2COEt)(3)](-) displays one reversible (- 0.15 V) and two irreversible (0.35, 0.80 V) oxidation peaks, referenced to an Ag/Ag...
Trace element and major ion composition of wet and dry depositon in Ankara Turkey Kaya, Güven; Tuncel, Süleyman Gürdal (1997-12-01) Daily, wet-only precipitation samples collected over a two year period were analyzed for SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, NH4+, H+, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, V and Ni. Weekly dry-deposition samples collected on petri-dishes over the same period were analyzed only for major ions. Concentrations of ions and elements in Ankara precipitation are comparable with concentrations reported in literature for other urban areas. However, the wet deposition fluxes are the lowest among literature values, owing to small annual ...

Citation Formats

M. Koçak, P. Zarmpas, U. Im, A. Bougiatioti, O. Yenigun, and N. Mihalopoulos, “Particulate matter (PM10) in Istanbul: Origin, source areas and potential impact on surrounding regions,” ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, pp. 6891–6900, 2011, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/30485.