Show/Hide Menu
Hide/Show Apps
Logout
Türkçe
Türkçe
Search
Search
Login
Login
OpenMETU
OpenMETU
About
About
Open Science Policy
Open Science Policy
Open Access Guideline
Open Access Guideline
Postgraduate Thesis Guideline
Postgraduate Thesis Guideline
Communities & Collections
Communities & Collections
Help
Help
Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
Guides
Guides
Thesis submission
Thesis submission
MS without thesis term project submission
MS without thesis term project submission
Publication submission with DOI
Publication submission with DOI
Publication submission
Publication submission
Supporting Information
Supporting Information
General Information
General Information
Copyright, Embargo and License
Copyright, Embargo and License
Contact us
Contact us
Unlocking the secrets of Al-tobermorite in Roman seawater concrete
Download
index.pdf
Date
2013-10-01
Author
Jackson, M D
Chae, S R
Mulcahy, S R
Akgül, Çağla
Taylor, R
Li, P
Emwas, A-H
Moon, J
Yoon, S
Vola, G
Wenk, H-R
Monteiro, P JM
Metadata
Show full item record
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
.
Item Usage Stats
212
views
201
downloads
Cite This
Ancient Roman syntheses of Al-tobermorite in a 2000-year-old concrete block submerged in the Bay of Pozzuoli (Baianus Sinus), near Naples, have unique aluminum-rich and silica-poor compositions relative to hydrothermal geological occurrences. In relict lime clasts, the crystals have calcium contents that are similar to ideal tobermorite, 33 to 35 wt%, but the low-silica contents, 39 to 40 wt%, reflect Al3+ substitution for Si4+ in Q(2)(1Al), Q(3)(1Al), and Q(3)(2Al) tetrahedral chain and branching sites. The Al-tobermorite has a double silicate chain structure with long chain lengths in the b [020] crystallographic direction, and wide interlayer spacing, 11.49 angstrom. Na+ and K+ partially balance Al3+ substitution for Si4+. Poorly crystalline calcium-aluminum-silicate-hydrate (C-A-S-H) cementitious binder in the dissolved perimeter of relict lime clasts has Ca/(Si+Al) = 0.79, nearly identical to the Al-tobermorite, but nanoscale heterogeneities with aluminum in both tetrahedral and octahedral coordination. The concrete is about 45 vol% glassy zeolitic tuff and 55 vol% hydrated lime-volcanic ash mortar; lime formed <10 wt% of the mix. Trace element studies confirm that the pyroclastic rock comes from Flegrean Fields volcanic district, as described in ancient Roman texts. An adiabatic thermal model of the 10 m(2) by 5.7 m thick Baianus Sinus breakwater from heat evolved through hydration of lime and formation of C-A-S-H suggests maximum temperatures of 85 to 97 degrees C. Cooling to seawater temperatures occurred in two years. These elevated temperatures and the mineralizing effects of seawater and alkali- and alumina-rich volcanic ash appear to be critical to Al-tobermorite crystallization. The long-term stability of the Al-tobermorite provides a valuable context to improve future syntheses in innovative concretes with advanced properties using volcanic pozzolans.
Subject Keywords
Geochemistry and Petrology
,
Geophysics
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/39621
Journal
AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4484
Collections
Department of Civil Engineering, Article
Suggestions
OpenMETU
Core
Geochemical constraints on the Cenozoic, OIB-type alkaline volcanic rocks of NW Turkey: Implications for mantle sources and melting processes
ALDANMAZ, ERCAN; KÖPRÜBAŞI, NEZİHİ; GÜRER, ÖMER FEYZİ; Kaymakcı, Nuretdin; Gourgaud, Alan (Elsevier BV, 2006-01-01)
The volcanic province of North-West Turkey contains a number of intra-continental alkaline volcanic eruption sequences formed along the localized extensional basins developed in relation with the Late Cenozoic extensional processes. The volcanic suite comprises the extracted melt products of adiabatic decompression melting of the mantle that are represented by small-volume intra-continental plate volcanic rocks of alkaline olivine basalts and basanites with compositions representative of mantle-derived, pri...
Sub-ophiolite metamorphic rocks from NW Anatolia, Turkey
Onen, AP; Hall, R (Wiley, 2000-09-01)
The metamorphic rocks from near Kutahya in north-west Anatolia record different stages in the history of closure of the Neo-Tethyan Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan ocean. Sub-ophiolite metamorphic rocks within the Tavsanli zone are a tectonically composite sequence of quartz-mica schists, amphibole schists, amphibolites and garnet amphibolites. They show increasing metamorphic grade towards the base of the ophiolite. A first metamorphic event, typical of sub-ophiolite metamorphic sole rocks, was characterized by high...
Estimating tectonic history through basin simulation-enhanced seismic inversion: geoinfomatics for sedimentary basins
Tandon, K; Tuncay, Kağan; Hubbard, K; Comer, J; Ortoleva, P (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2004-01-01)
A data assimilation approach is demonstrated whereby seismic inversion is both automated and enhanced using a comprehensive numerical sedimentary basin simulator to study the physics and chemistry of sedimentary basin processes in response to geothermal gradient in much greater detail than previously attempted. The approach not only reduces costs by integrating the basin analysis and seismic inversion activities to understand the sedimentary basin evolution with respect to geodynamic parameters- but the tec...
Evaluation of Site Response with Alternative Methods: A Case Study for Engineering Implications
Sisman, Fatma Nurten; Askan Gündoğan, Ayşegül; Asten, Michael (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018-01-01)
In this paper, efficiency of alternative geophysical techniques for site response is evaluated in two sedimentary basins on the North Anatolian Fault Zone. For this purpose, fundamental frequencies of soils and corresponding amplitudes obtained from empirical horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio curves from microtremors, weak motions and strong motions are compared with results from one-dimensional theoretical transfer functions. Theoretical transfer functions are computed using S-wave velocity profiles de...
Hydrothermal alteration products in the vicinity of the Ahirozu kaolin deposits, Mihaliccik-Eskisehir, Turkey
Sayit, Isil Omeroglu; Günal Türkmenoğlu, Asuman; Sayin, S. Ali; Demirci, Cengiz (Mineralogical Society, 2018-06-01)
The mineralogy, texture and composition of rocks associated with the kaolin deposits in the Ahirozu-Hamidiye-Ucbasli area, SE of Mihaliccik, Eskisehir, Turkey, were investigated. In the study area, Triassic, blue-green schists and serpentinized ultramafic rocks are exposed. Kaolinization occurs at the contact between a Triassic granitic intrusion and metamorphic rocks. Textural and mineralogical characteristics were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-r...
Citation Formats
IEEE
ACM
APA
CHICAGO
MLA
BibTeX
M. D. Jackson et al., “Unlocking the secrets of Al-tobermorite in Roman seawater concrete,”
AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
, pp. 1669–1687, 2013, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/39621.