An expanded molecular phylogeny of Plumbaginaceae, with emphasis on Limonium (sea lavenders): Taxonomic implications and biogeographic considerations

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10.1002ece3.4553.pdf

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2018-12-01

Author

Koutroumpa, Konstantina
Theodoridis, Spyros
Warren, Ben H.
Jimenez, Ares
Celep, Ferhat
Doğan, Musa
Romeiras, Maria M.
Santos-Guerra, Arnoldo
Maria Fernandez-Palacios, Jose
Caujape-Castells, Juli
Moura, Monica
de Sequeira, Miguel Menezes
Conti, Elena

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Plumbaginaceae is characterized by a history of multiple taxonomic rearrangements and lacks a broad molecular phylogenetic framework. Limonium is the most species-rich genus of the family with ca. 600 species and cosmopolitan distribution. Its center of diversity is the Mediterranean region, where ca. 70% of all Limonium species are endemic. In this study, we sample 201 Limonium species covering all described infrageneric entities and spanning its wide geographic range, along with 64 species of other Plumbaginaceae genera, representing 23 out of 29 genera of the family. Additionally, 20 species of the sister family Polygonaceae were used as outgroup. Sequences of three chloroplast (trnL-F, matK, and rbcL) and one nuclear (ITS) loci were used to infer the molecular phylogeny employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. According to our results, within Plumbaginoideae, Plumbago forms a non-monophyletic assemblage, with Plumbago europaea sister to Plumbagella, while the other Plumbago species form a clade sister to Dyerophytum. Within Limonioideae, Ikonnikovia is nested in Goniolimon, rejecting its former segregation as genus distinct from Goniolimon. Limonium is divided into two major clades: Limonium subg. Pteroclados s.l., including L. sect. Pteroclados and L. anthericoides, and L. subg. Limonium. The latter is divided into three well-supported subclades: the monospecific L. sect. Limoniodendron sister to a clade comprising a mostly non-Mediterranean subclade and a Mediterranean subclade. Our results set the foundation for taxonomic proposals on sections and subsections of Limonium, namely: (a) the newly described L. sect. Tenuiramosum, created to assign L. anthericoides at the sectional rank; (b) the more restricted circumscriptions of L. sect. Limonium (= L. sect. Limonium subsect. Genuinae) and L. sect. Sarcophyllum (for the Sudano-Zambezian/Saharo-Arabian clade); (c) the more expanded circumscription of L. sect. Nephrophyllum (including species of the L. bellidifolium complex); and (d) the new combinations for L. sect. Pruinosum and L. sect. Pteroclados subsect. Odontolepideae and subsect. Nobiles.

Subject Keywords

Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/42207

Journal

ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4553

Collections

Department of Biology, Article

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Citation Formats

K. Koutroumpa et al., “An expanded molecular phylogeny of Plumbaginaceae, with emphasis on Limonium (sea lavenders): Taxonomic implications and biogeographic considerations,” ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, pp. 12397–12424, 2018, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/42207.