Enzymatic hydrolysis by transition-metal-dependent nucleophilic aromatic substitution

Date

2016-12-01

Author

Kalyoncu, Sibel
Heaner, David P.
Kurt, Zöhre
Bethel, Casey M.
Ukachukwu, Chiamaka U.
Chakravarthy, Srinivas
Spain, Jim C.
Lieberman, Raquel L.

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Nitroaromatic compounds are typically toxic and resistant to degradation. Bradyrhizobium species strain JS329 metabolizes 5-nitroanthranilic acid (5NAA), which is a molecule secreted by Streptomyces scabies, the plant pathogen responsible for potato scab. The first biodegradation enzyme is 5NAA-aminohydrolase (5NAA-A), a metalloprotease family member that converts 5NAA to 5-nitrosalicylic acid. We characterized 5NAA-A biochemically and obtained snapshots of its mechanism. 5NAA-A, an octamer that can use several divalent transition metals for catalysis in vitro, employs a nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. Unexpectedly, the metal in 5NAA-A is labile but is readily loaded in the presence of substrate. 5NAA-A is specific for 5NAA and cannot hydrolyze other tested derivatives, which are likewise poor inhibitors. The 5NAA-A structure and mechanism expand our understanding of the chemical ecology of an agriculturally important plant and pathogen, and will inform bioremediation and biocatalytic approaches to mitigate the environmental and ecological impact of nitroanilines and other challenging substrates.

Subject Keywords

Diversity, Resolution, Resistance, Deacetylase, Biosynthesis, Biodegradation, Mechanisms, Degradation, Evolutionary, 5-nitroanthranilic acid

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/42673

Journal

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1038/nchenbio.2191

Collections

Department of Environmental Engineering, Article

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Citation Formats

S. Kalyoncu et al., “Enzymatic hydrolysis by transition-metal-dependent nucleophilic aromatic substitution,” NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY, pp. 1031–1039, 2016, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/42673.