Causal and Passive Parameterization of S-Parameters Using Neural Networks

Date

2020-10-01

Author

Torun, Hakki Mert
Durgun, Ahmet Cemal
Aygun, Kemal
Swaminathan, Madhavan

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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Neural networks (NNs) are widely used to create parametric models of S-parameters for various components in electronic systems. The focus of deriving these models has so far been numerical error reduction between the NN-generated S-parameters and the data source. However, this is not sufficient when creating such NNs since it does not guarantee predicted S-parameters to be physically consistent, i.e., passive and causal, which restricts their use cases. This article, therefore, proposes a causality enforcement layer (CEL) and passivity enforcement layer (PEL) that can be used in NNs, which ensures that NN-predicted S-parameters are of a passive and causal system. To achieve this, we utilize Kramers-Kronig relations and singular value properties of S-parameters during the training stage with the purpose of learning a physically consistent representation. This enables end-to-end training where no postprocessing is required to ensure physical consistency. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach for three different design applications, where the goal is to predict S-parameters from dc to 100 GHz. The results show that when NNs are trained using CEL and PEL, the predicted S-parameters are characterized as 100.0% causal and passive while having the same level of accuracy as NNs that solely focus on error minimization.

Subject Keywords

Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radiation, Condensed Matter Physics

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/69939

Journal

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2020.3011449

Collections

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Article

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Citation Formats

H. M. Torun, A. C. Durgun, K. Aygun, and M. Swaminathan, “Causal and Passive Parameterization of S-Parameters Using Neural Networks,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, pp. 4290–4304, 2020, Accessed: 00, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/69939.