Neanderthal introgression into Western Asian human populations

Date

2015-08-06

Author

Taşkent, Recep Özgür
Alioğlu, Duha
Gökçümen, Ömer
Somel, Mehmet

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An earlier study has shown that present-day non-Africans inherit a small percentage of their genomes (1 to 4%) from Neanderthals. This is consistent with a single pulse of admixture event between modern humans and Neanderthals that occurred 80.000-50.000 years ago when two species co-existed in the Middle East. More recent studies, however, have shown that East Asians share a higher proportion of their genomes with Neanderthals than do Europeans, a finding which is largely incompatible with a single pulse of admixture scenario. With even more studies reaching the same conclusion, the current consensus in the field is that the admixture history between Neanderthals and modern humans was complex, and involved at least two pulses of admixture events: one occurred in the Middle East before Europeans and Asians diverged, another occurred later in Asia. Given this complexity of human-Neanderthal admixture history, mixing in the Western Asia could have lasted for longer periods of time, even after humans spread to remote parts of Eurasia. A straightforward implication of this hypothesis is that present-day Western Asian human populations have a higher proportion of Neanderthal ancestry compared to Europeans. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced the whole-genomes of 10 present-day individuals from four different populations: three individuals with Western Asian ancestry (Druze), four individuals with North-Western European ancestry (Finn and CEPH), and three individuals with African ancestry (Pygmy). We then compared the introgression rates to these populations. Genetic analyses indicate that there is no difference in the amount of shared Neanderthal ancestry between current-day Western Asian and European populations. A direct interpretation of these results is that our initial hypothesis was wrong and interbreeding between Neanderthals and humans did not last in the Middle East for longer periods of time. However, another plausible explanation could be that initially higher rates of Neanderthal introgression in the Middle East have been diluted by subsequent immigrations to the region and emigrations out of the region. To further elucidate these findings, we will use the whole genome sequences of 16 present-day Turkish individuals, which were obtained by a previous study, and compare the introgression rates to Turkish population with modern European populations included in the 1000-genomes project.

URI

http://eebst2015.bio.metu.edu.tr/Program_files/EEBST2015abstracts.pdf
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/78806

Conference Name

, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Symposium, Turkey (2015,)

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Department of Biology, Conference / Seminar

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Citation Formats

R. Ö. Taşkent, D. Alioğlu, Ö. Gökçümen, and M. Somel, “Neanderthal introgression into Western Asian human populations,” presented at the , Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Symposium, Turkey (2015,), Türkiye, 2015, Accessed: 00, 2021. [Online]. Available: http://eebst2015.bio.metu.edu.tr/Program_files/EEBST2015abstracts.pdf.