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Defining additional stratigraphy in paleoseismic trenches by 2d logging of magnetic susceptibility :A paleoseismic investigation near lake Ladik, North Anatolian fault, Turkey
Date
2008-12-19
Author
Fraser, Jeff
Hubert-ferrari, Aurelia
Vanneste, Kris
Avşar, Ulaş
Altınok, Sevgi
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The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is a dextral strike-slip plate-boundary fault zone extending ~1400 km in an arc across northern Turkey. We opened a paleoseismic trench ~2.7 km NW of Destek village on a segment which ruptured (for ~280 km) in the 1943 Ladik Earthquake (Mw:7.7). Sediments exposed in the trench yielded information on the timing of at least 6 paleoearthquake events during the last 3000 years in addition to evidence of the 1943 event. The trench was excavated across an uphill-facing fault scarp caused by an overturned thrust fault splay of the NAF near a localized restraining bend. The uphill-facing scarp trapped sediment derived from a small (~2 ha), non-channelized catchment with erosion in the steeper upper half and deposition in the lower half. Conventional descriptive trench logging of the, southern, up-thrown side of the fault identified weathered rock of various lithologies, grading upwards to residual soil exclusively on the west trench wall, and capped by topsoil on both walls. On the down-thrown, northern side of the fault, we logged a sequence of colluviums and poorly defined paleosols. Conventional trench logs alone do not negate the possibility that the stratigraphy observed north of the fault formed due to climate cycles or anthropogenic processes, rather than earthquakes. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements provide a link between the sediment trap strata and fault rupture. Two-dimensional logging of magnetic susceptibility, using a MS2E Bartington point sensor, was undertaken on the west wall of the trench. The residual soil on the up-thrown side of the fault displayed low MS values overlying rock with relatively high MS values which we interpret as the result of leaching by supergene processes. Wedges of low MS values were identified on the down-thrown side of the fault in a soil of otherwise intermediate MS values representing colluviums sourced from the catchment. The low MS wedges are interpreted to be colluviums derived from the residual soil on the up-thrown block due to collapse of the fault scarp following fault rupture. The presence of the low MS wedges helps to define a sequence genesis model whereby paleosols are buried following earthquakes. Without the magnetic susceptibility data the link between the cyclic sedimentation pattern and earthquake cycles would be tenuous, relying solely on correlation with known earthquakes.
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/87030
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO480011
Conference Name
American Geophysical Union(AGU) - Fall Meeting, 5–19 December 2008
Collections
Department of Geological Engineering, Conference / Seminar
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Development of paleoseismic trench logging and dating techniques: a case study on the Central North Anatolian Fault
Fraser, Jeff; Pigati, Jeff; Hubert-ferrari, Aurelia; Vanneste, Kris; Boes, Xavier; Avşar, Ulaş; Altınok, Sevgi (2007-04-20)
The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is a dextral strike slip fault zone extending ∼1400km in an arc across northern Turkey. This study seeks to further constrain the timing of ground rupturing earthquakes of the NAF while developing the techniques used in paleoseismology. A paleoseismic trench was opened ∼2.7km NW of Destek on a segment which ruptured (for ∼280km) in the 1943 Tosya Earthquake (Mw:7.7). The trench site comprises a pop-up structure formed by a small releasing step-over at a restraining bend which...
A 3000-Year Record of Ground-Rupturing Earthquakes along the Central North Anatolian Fault near Lake Ladik, Turkey
Fraser, Jeff; Pigati, J. S.; Hubert-Ferrari, Aurelia; Vanneste, Krıs; Avşar, Ulaş; Altinok, S. (Seismological Society of America (SSA), 2009-10-01)
The North Anatolian fault (NAF) is a similar to 1500 km long, arcuate, dextral strike-slip fault zone in northern Turkey that extends from the Karliova triple junction to the Aegean Sea. East of Bolu, the fault zone exhibits evidence of a sequence of large (M-w > 7) earthquakes that occurred during the twentieth century that displayed a migrating earthquake sequence from east to west. Prolonged human occupation in this region provides an extensive, but not exhaustive, historical record of large earthquakes ...
Understanding of the diversity of earthquake turbiditic flows in a single lake: the case of the Lake Hazar on the East Anatolian Faul
Lamair, Laura; Hage, Sophie; Hubert-ferrari, Aurelia; Avşar, Ulaş; Garcia Moreno, David; Boulvain, Frederic; Çağatay, Namık (null; 2014-08-18)
The East Anatolian Fault (EAF) is a major left-lateral strike-slip fault accommodating with the conjugate North Anatolian Fault the westward extrusion of the Anatolian Plate away from the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone. The East Anatolian Fault ruptured over most of its length during the 19th century in a series of magnitude ~7 earthquakes. During the 20th century this fault was less active with only two events of magnitude greater than 6. This absence of large earthquakes has resulted in relatively little a...
3-D Crustal Structure along the North Anatolian Fault Zone in North Central Anatolia from local earthquake tomography
Yolsal-Çevikbilen, Seda ; Biryol, C. Berk; Beck, Susan L.; Zandt, George; Taymaz, Tuncay ; Adiyaman, Hande E.; Özacar, Atilla Arda (2011-04-03)
The North Anatolian Fault is a seismically active dextral strike-slip fault zone extending for about 1500 km from Karliova in eastern Turkey to the Gulf of Saros in the Aegean Sea. Three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure and Vp/Vs variation in the crust along the North Anatolian Fault Zone in north central Anatolia was investigated by the inversion of local P- and S-wave travel times in order to gain a better understanding of the seismological characteristics of the region. We used the damped least-squa...
A 3000 yr paleoseismological history of the central East Anatolian Fault (Turkey) based on sedimentary record of Hazar Lake
Lamaır, Laura; Hubert-ferrari, Aurelia; Hage, Sophie; Avşar, Ulaş; Schmidt, Sabine; Çağatay, Namık (null; 2017-10-12)
The East Anatolian Fault (EAF) is a major left-lateral strike-slip fault accommodating with the conjugate North Anatolian Fault the westward extrusion of the Anatolian Plate away from the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone. During the 20th century, the EAF activity was mostly quiestcent with only two events of magnitude greater than 6 recorded (1905 Malatya and the 1971 Bingol earthquakes). Historical seismicity suggests that the EAF is capable of generating earthquakes of magnitude greater than 7. In order to r...
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J. Fraser, A. Hubert-ferrari, K. Vanneste, U. Avşar, and S. Altınok, “Defining additional stratigraphy in paleoseismic trenches by 2d logging of magnetic susceptibility :A paleoseismic investigation near lake Ladik, North Anatolian fault, Turkey,” presented at the American Geophysical Union(AGU) - Fall Meeting, 5–19 December 2008, San Francisco, CA -USA, 2008, Accessed: 00, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/87030.