VIOLENCE AND LGBTIQA+ IN TURKEY: FROM LATENT VIOLENCE TO MANIFEST VIOLENCE WITH DOUBLE-ARM

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2022-9-29

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Gökler, Nagehan

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In Turkey, the LGBTIAQ+ community has been a historically unrecognized community on the governmental and societal levels and subjected to various forms of violence. Historically, until the 2000s, primarily transsexuals or LGBTIAQ+ individuals with open and visible identities were targeted, and the violence targeting them was diversified: it was severe in some periods and remained relatively mild in other periods. By the 2000s, the violence against LGBTIAQ+ was not limited to transgender or “visibly” LGBTIAQ+ individuals, but LGBTIAQ+ standing for a holistic identity and a group became the target of violence. Theoretically, this study utilizes various conceptualizations of violence, such as Johan Galtung's, structural and cultural violence and Slavoj Žižek’s symbolic violence. The thesis examines the forms of violence that LGBTIAQ+ are exposed to from 2002 to 2022 in two periods: first, 2002-2014 as the latent violence period and second, 2015 2022 as the manifest violence period with double-arm violence period. It argues that in the first period, i.e., the latent violence period, structural and symbolic violence were predominant, and that the latent violence period provides a ground for the increasing level and varying types of violence in the next, i.e., the manifest violence period with double-arm. In this second period, the violence manifests itself in the form of structural and symbolic violence as the first arm and in the form of physical violence as the second arm, making this period one of manifest violence period with double-arm. Violence against LGBTIAQ+ during the last twenty-year period has been analyzed by qualitative data analysis and the case study method by examining various cases characterizing the two periods.

Subject Keywords

LGBTIAQ+, Structural Violence, Symbolic Violence, Latent Violence, Manifest Violence, LGBTIAQ+, Yapısal Şiddet, Sembolik Şiddet, Gizli Şiddet, Açık Şiddet

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https://hdl.handle.net/11511/99741

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Northern Cyprus Campus, Thesis

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Citation Formats

N. Gökler, “VIOLENCE AND LGBTIQA+ IN TURKEY: FROM LATENT VIOLENCE TO MANIFEST VIOLENCE WITH DOUBLE-ARM,” M.S. - Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, 2022.