Antibiotics: Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, resistance and multidrug efflux pumps

Date

2017-06-01

Author

Yilmaz, Cigdem
Özcengiz, Gülay

Metadata

Show full item record

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Item Usage Stats

272
views

0
downloads

The discovery of penicillin followed by streptomycin, tetracycline, cephalosporins and other natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic antimicrobials completely revolutionized medicine by reducing human morbidity and mortality from most of the common infections. However, shortly after they were introduced to clinical practice, the development of resistance was emerged. The decreasing interest from antibiotic industry in spite of rapid global emergence of antibiotic resistance is a tough dilemma from the pointview of public health. The efficiency of antimicrobial treatment is determined by both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In spite of their selective toxicity, antibiotics still cause severe, life threatening adverse reactions in host body mostly due to defective drug metabolism or excessive dosing regimen. The present article aims at updating current knowledge on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynam ics concepts and models, toxicity of antibiotics as well as antibiotic resistance mechanisms, resistome analyses and search for novel antibiotic resistance determinants with special emphasis given to the state-of-the-art regarding multidrug efflux pumps and their additional physiological functions in stress adaptation and virulence of bacteria. All these issues are highly linked to each other and not only important for most efficient and prolonged use of current antibiotics, but also for discovery and development of new antibiotics and novel inhibitors of antibiotic resistance determinants of pathogens.

Subject Keywords

Biochemistry, Pharmacology

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/38091

Journal

BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.005

Collections

Department of Biology, Article

Suggestions

OpenMETU
Core

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of dietary plants against group A B-Haemolytic streptococci Gerdan, Ömer Faruk; Çoruh, Nursen; Department of Biochemistry (2009) Fresh produces, fruit juices and herbal teas used in our regular diet may have importance in the protective treatment of some infectious diseases. In this study, dietary produces were investigated for their antioxidant activities and antimicrobial activities against group A ß-haemolytic streptoccoci. Streptococcus pyogenes, a member of the group A ß-haemolytic streptococci, is a very dangerous pathogen, which may cause diseases such as tonsillopharyngitis, meningitis, rheumatic arthritis. Fruits and vegetab...
Aromatic amino acid synthesis performance of bacillus acidocaldarius Kocabaş, Pınar; Çalık, Pınar; Department of Chemical Engineering (2004) In this study, the effects of bioprocess operation parameters on aromatic amino acid synthesis performance of Bacillus acidocaldarius were investigated. Firstly, in laboratory scale shake-bioreactors, a defined medium was designed in terms of its carbon and nitrogen sources, to achieve the highest cell concentration. Thereafter, the effects of bioprocess operation parameters, i.e., pH and temperature were investigated; and the optimum medium contained (kg m-3): fructose, 8; (NH4)2HPO4, 5; CaCl2, 0.2; KH2PO4...
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: biomolecule-nanoparticle organizations targeting antimicrobial activity Roy, Anupam; Bulut, Onur; Some, Sudip; Mandal, Amit Kumar; Yilmaz, M. Deniz (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2019-01-23) Since discovery of the first antibiotic drug, penicillin, in 1928, a variety of antibiotic and antimicrobial agents have been developed and used for both human therapy and industrial applications. However, excess and uncontrolled use of antibiotic agents has caused a significant growth in the number of drug resistant pathogens. Novel therapeutic approaches replacing the inefficient antibiotics are in high demand to overcome increasing microbial multidrug resistance. In the recent years, ongoing research has...
Biomechanical and histological outcome of combined raloxifene-estrogen therapy on skeletal and reproductive tissues Tasci, Arzu; BİLGİLİ, HASAN; Altunay, Hikmet; Gecit, Mehmet Rusen; Keskin, Dilek (Elsevier BV, 2010-02-10) Estrogen replacement is a potent therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, its carcinogenic effects on breasts and the uterus limit its utilization. Raloxifene has estrogen-like effects on bones without the carcinogenic symptoms on breast or uterine tissue. Their individual effects are well characterized, but the results of their interaction remains elusive. In this work, we investigate the consequences of a combined raloxifene/estrogen therapy on bone and uterus with experimental osteoporosis. 40 W...
Differential expressions and functions of phosphodiesterase enzymes in different regions of the rat heart DERİCİ, MEHMET KÜRŞAT; SADİ, GÖKHAN; Cenik, Basar; Güray, Nülüfer Tülün; DEMİREL YILMAZ, EMİNE (Elsevier BV, 2019-02-05) Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDEs) are responsible for the adjustment of cyclic nucleotide levels. Alterations in PDE expressions in different tissues cause conflicts between functional and clinical effects of PDE inhibitors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the gene and protein expressions and the functional role of PDEs in atrium and ventricle of rat heart The expressions of PDEs were examined in cardiac intact tissues and enzymatically isolated cells. The effects of PDE1-5 inhibitors (vi...

Citation Formats

C. Yilmaz and G. Özcengiz, “Antibiotics: Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, resistance and multidrug efflux pumps,” BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY, pp. 43–62, 2017, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/38091.