The Genetic Basis of Composite Spike Form in Barley and ‘Miracle-Wheat’

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10.1534genetics.115.176628.pdf

Date

2015-7-7

Author

Poursarebani, Naser
Seidensticker, Tina
Koppolu, Ravi
Trautewig, Corinna
Gawroński, Piotr
Bini, Federica
Govind, Geetha
Rutten, Twan
Sakuma, Shun
Tagiri, Akemi
Wolde, Gizaw M.
Youssef, Helmy M.
Battal, Abdulhamit
Ciannamea, Stefano
Fusca, Tiziana
Nussbaumer, Thomas
Pozzi, Carlo
Börner, Andreas
Lundqvist, Udda
Komatsuda, Takao
Salvi, Silvio
Tuberosa, Roberto
Uauy, Cristobal
Sreenivasulu, Nese
Rossini, Laura
Schnurbusch, Thorsten

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Inflorescences of the tribe Triticeae, which includes wheat (Triticum sp. L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are characterized by sessile spikelets directly borne on the main axis, thus forming a branchless spike. 'Compositum-Barley' and tetraploid 'Miracle-Wheat' (T. turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat.) display noncanonical spike-branching in which spikelets are replaced by lateral branch-like structures resembling small-sized secondary spikes. As a result of this branch formation 'Miracle-Wheat' produces significantly more grains per spike, leading to higher spike yield. In this study, we first isolated the gene underlying spike-branching in 'Compositum-Barley,' i.e., compositum 2 (com2). Moreover, we found that COM2 is orthologous to the branched head(t) (bh(t)) locus regulating spike branching in tetraploid 'Miracle-Wheat.' Both genes possess orthologs with similar functions in maize BRANCHED SILKLESS 1 (BD1) and rice FRIZZY PANICLE/BRANCHED FLORETLESS 1 (FZP/BFL1) encoding AP2/ERF transcription factors. Sequence analysis of the bht locus in a collection of mutant and wild-type tetraploid wheat accessions revealed that a single amino acid substitution in the DNA-binding domain gave rise to the domestication of 'Miracle-Wheat.' mRNA in situ hybridization, microarray experiments, and independent qRT-PCR validation analyses revealed that the branch repression pathway in barley is governed through the spike architecture gene Six-rowed spike 4 regulating COM2 expression, while HvIDS1 (barley ortholog of maize INDETERMINATE SPIKELET 1) is a putative downstream target of COM2. These findings presented here provide new insights into the genetic basis of spike architecture in Triticeae, and have disclosed new targets for genetic manipulations aiming at boosting wheat's yield potential.

Subject Keywords

'Miracle-Wheat', 'Wunder-Weizen', 'Compositum-Barley', Inflorescence branching;, Yield potential

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/52346

Journal

Genetics

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.176628

Collections

Department of Biology, Article

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Citation Formats

N. Poursarebani et al., “The Genetic Basis of Composite Spike Form in Barley and ‘Miracle-Wheat’,” Genetics, pp. 155–165, 2015, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/52346.