Turkey

2016-01-01
nationalisms that struck the Ottoman empire in the nineteenth century and in competition with other approaches such as Ottomanism and Islamism. Whether Turkish nationalism is civic or ethnic has long been debated. Given the many contradictions it displays, it is perhaps best to define it as an ambivalent type. Since the 1990s, Turkish nationalism has been challenged by identity politics, bringing to the fore particularly Islamist, Kurdish, and Alevi demands for recognition.

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Citation Formats
Z. A. Çıtak Aytürk, Turkey . 2016.