The role of expectation and experience in the control of attention

Download

merve ileri tayar_masters thesis.pdf

Date

2021-8

Author

İleri Tayar, Merve

Metadata

Show full item record

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Item Usage Stats

329
views

321
downloads

Cognitive control is the ability to exhibit goal-directed and flexible behavior by suppressing automatic and unintended behaviors. The Stroop task, which contains congruent and incongruent items, is commonly used to investigate cognitive control. The participants are instructed to react to the color of the stimulus while ignoring its meaning. A typical observation in the Stroop task is the Stroop effect, which represents slower response times and higher error rates for the incongruent items compared to the congruent items. In the list-wide proportion congruence (LWPC) studies, the proportion of congruent and incongruent items in the list is manipulated, and mostly congruent (MC) and mostly incongruent (MI) lists are created. A larger Stroop effect in the MC list compared to the MI list is called the LWPC effect. There is a continuing debate on whether the LWPC effect is a result of expectation-driven or experience-driven mechanisms. Using the precued list paradigm, researchers are able to observe the unique influence of expectation and experience on the control of attention. The current thesis aims to investigate the relationship between experience and expectation by using valid and invalid cues within the same experimental paradigm. By comparing the influence of expectation on validly- and invalidly-cued lists, we aimed to test three possible hypotheses: (1) pure experience, (2) additive experience and expectation, and (3) interactive experience and expectation. The results supported the pure experience hypothesis and demonstrated that when expectations do not fully correspond with actual experiences, pure experience modulates attentional control settings.

Subject Keywords

Stroop task, Precued list paradigm, List-wide proportion congruence effect, Expectation, Experience

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/91477

Collections

Graduate School of Social Sciences, Thesis

Suggestions

OpenMETU
Core

The Role of Attachment Insecurity and Big Five Traits on Sensory Processing Sensitivity Sengul-Inal, Guelbin; Kırımer Aydınlı, Fulya; Suemer, Nebi (Informa UK Limited, 2018-01-01) This study examined the interplay between behavioral inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS) sensitivity, attachment insecurity (i.e., anxiety and avoidance), and Big Five personality traits in predicting sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). We have specifically tested three alternative theoretical models to explain the process through which BIS/BAS sensitivity link to SPS; unique effects of attachment dimensions and personality traits, as well as moderating and mediating role of these variables. Participa...
Effect of cognitive task difficulty on postural control Gürsoy, Zeren Görkem; Kirazcı, Sadettin; Department of Physical Education and Sports (2019) Human posture control is accompanied usually in daily life with other tasks, such as cognitive tasks. This thesis is on the effects of cognitive task difficulty on postural control, the postural control mechanisms, attention and its relation to posture control and finally the dual task environments for posture control. The experiment’s set an individualized difficulty level for each participant. Results indicate that when motor and challenging cognitive tasks are completed under dual task conditions, dual t...
The Combined Effect of Light Touch and Cognitive Task Difficulty on Postural Control çelik, tuğba; Kirazcı, Sadettin; Department of Physical Education and Sports (2021-10-12) Studies investigating combined effects of light touch and cognitive task are limited and available results are inconsistent regarding effects of cognitive task on postural control. Therefore, this study investigated the combined effects of light touch and cognitive task difficulty on postural control. Participants performed cognitive task and light touch individually and simultaneously. Results indicated that both light touch and cognitive task improved postural sway individually. The cognitive task difficu...
Eş zamanlı gerçekleştirilen bilişsel ve motor görevin postür kontrolü üzerine etkisi Babajimopoulos, Zeren; Yılmaz, Uğur; Arpınar Avşar, Pınar; Kirazcı, Sadettin (2018-11-03) Amaç:Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı zorlukta postural motor görev sırasında eş zamanlı olarak gerçekleştirilen bilişsel görevin postür kontrolü üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem:19 gönüllü katılımcı (yaş:23±6 yıl, boy:171.7± cm, v.ağırlığı:71.1± kg) 1 dk boyunca üç farklı zorluk düzeyinde bilişsel görev altında, kuvvet platformu üzerinde ayakta sakin duruş (QS) ve istemli postural salınım (VS) hareketi yapmaları istenmiştir. Bilişsel görev işitsel olarak kendilerine ardışık olarak sunulan basit aritmetik...
The impact of a third language on executive control processes Cedden, Gülay; Sağın Şimşek, Sultan Çiğdem (2014-12-01) This study aims to investigate whether the representation of a third language in the mind provides an advantage in executive control processes compared to bilinguals. To this end 10 high proficient bilingual Turkish-English and 10 high proficient trilingual Turkish-English-German speakers were given a language control demanding task and participants' response times (RTs) and the accuracy of their responses were analyzed. The results showed that the bilingual group responded to their L2 (English) statistical...

Citation Formats

M. İleri Tayar, “The role of expectation and experience in the control of attention,” M.S. - Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, 2021.