Microwave-assisted in situ laser dye incorporation into high sensitivity whispering gallery mode microresonators

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Mondragón-Ochoa_2022_J._Phys._D__Appl._Phys._55_055101.pdf

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2022-02-01

Author

Mondragon-Ochoa, Jesus S.
Gonzalez-Rivera, Jose
Toparlı, Çiğdem
Khanum, Rizwana
Moirangthem, Rakesh S.
Duce, Celia
Ferrari, Carlo
Barillaro, Giuseppe
Erbe, Andreas

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Optical whispering gallery mode microresonators (WGM-mu Rs) are powerful sensitive components with many analytical applications. Here, spherical WGM-mu Rs have been synthesised in a single-step microwave (MW)-assisted heterophase polymerisation. The microresonators are based on poly(styrene) beads into which the organic lasing dye nile red was incorporated as gain medium in situ during the polymerisation. The particle diameter and diameter distribution of the synthesised particles were tuned in the range of around 200 nm up to 50 mu m by adjusting the concentration between stabiliser poly-(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and monomer styrene, and the solvent composition in the dispersion process. Lower water content enabled the synthesis of spherical particles with large size polydispersity, from which WGM-mu Rs with a variety of diameters were selected. Microspheres with diameters greater than or similar to 3.5 mu < mu W were sufficient to excite WGMs. WGM shifts of beads with diameter between approximate to 5 and 30 mu m measured in air and water show a sensitivity up to 54 nm/RIU for the smallest particles. Dye doped WGM-mu R in the low mu m size range obtained by the MW-assisted polymerisation process with its versatility, low processing times and high yields opens new horizons for the applications of these systems as sensors.

Subject Keywords

whispering gallery mode, morphology-dependent resonances, laser, polymerisation, microwave, refractive index sensing, MONODISPERSE POLYSTYRENE MICROSPHERES, DISPERSION POLYMERIZATION, NANOPARTICLES

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/95179

Journal

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac2e34

Collections

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Article

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Citation Formats

J. S. Mondragon-Ochoa et al., “Microwave-assisted in situ laser dye incorporation into high sensitivity whispering gallery mode microresonators,” JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 0–0, 2022, Accessed: 00, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/95179.