Performance evaluation of waste rock dump cover systems in different climate zones of Turkey

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2022-11-24
Baysal, Barış Can
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One of the tasks to be considered during the closure stage of mining is the closure of the waste rock dump (WRD). A suitable top cover system shall be applied for closure to mitigate the impacts of mine wastes on the environment and human health. The regulatory requirements for closure activities vary from one country to another. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performances of cover system types, including the one that is described in Turkish Mining Waste Regulation (TMWR), for different climate zones of Turkey according to Köppen-Trewartha Climate Classification. In this study, five (5) different cover system types were modeled for five (5) different climate zones of Turkey. The performances of cover system types were evaluated by the ability to limit atmospheric water ingress towards WRD. SEEP/W software is used to model numerical seepage analyses for long-term (30 years) performances of cover system types under different climatic conditions. At the end of the model runs, water balance calculations were reported by the software. Thus, the performances of cover systems were compared considering the net percolation rates calculated for each study area. Consequently, successful model results were obtained for TMWR type cover system for all climate types of Turkey. It was also found that less complex and hence more economical cover systems, that are mainly used globally in certain type of climates, also achieved some successful results in terms of providing very low net percolation rates (<5%). The results revealed that the climate has a major impact on the performance of the cover systems. In this study, it was also revealed that a site-specific study utilizing local meteorological conditions as well as specific design criteria and parameters shall be conducted for each case since each study area is unique by its own hydroclimatic, hydrogeologic, and design characteristics.
Mine Closure Plan, Turkish Mining Waste Regulation, Cover System Design, Waste Rock Dump, Numerical Modeling
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/101138
Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis

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Citation Formats
B. C. Baysal, “Performance evaluation of waste rock dump cover systems in different climate zones of Turkey,” M.S. - Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, 2022.
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