Interfacial Interactions and Flammability of Flame-Retarded and Short Fiber-Reinforced Polyamides

Date

2009-01-01

Author

Gunduz, Huseyin Ozgur
Isitman, Nihat Ali
Aykol, Muratahan
Kaynak, Cevdet

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Interfacial properties, crystallinity and flammability of short fiber reinforced and flame retarded polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 compounds are investigated, emphasizing the influence of flame retardant fillers on the resistance of fiber/matrix interface to shear. Interfacial shear strengths are derived through a micromechanical approach by determining the tensile properties and residual fiber length distributions. Validated by fracture morphologies, interfacial strengths are found to be governed by filler-induced apparent crystallinities and fractional occurrence of polyamide polymorphs, obtained via peak deconvolution of X-Ray diffraction patterns. Although flame retardant additives based on Br/Sb synergism are found to impart excellent flammability reductions regarding oxygen index and UL94 classifications (V-0 rating), degree of crystallinity; thus, interfacial properties are deteriorated due to lowered thermal expansion and increased cooling rates. Red phosphorus as a flame retardant also induces a UL94 V-0 and significant reduction in flammability together with the facts that crystallinity is not altered and a strong fiber/matrix interface is maintained. Use of melamine cyanurate in an unreinforced polyamide improves the limiting oxygen index considerably; however, the UL94 rating remains unchanged as V-2 as a consequence of increased level of melt dripping. Melamine cyanurate additionally increases the degree of crystallinity through promotion of heterogeneous nucleation.

Subject Keywords

Materials Chemistry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), General Chemical Engineering, Polymers and Plastics

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/46570

Journal

POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1080/03602550903092575

Collections

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Article

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Citation Formats

H. O. Gunduz, N. A. Isitman, M. Aykol, and C. Kaynak, “Interfacial Interactions and Flammability of Flame-Retarded and Short Fiber-Reinforced Polyamides,” POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, pp. 1046–1054, 2009, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/46570.