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Interfacial Interactions and Flammability of Flame-Retarded and Short Fiber-Reinforced Polyamides
Date
2009-01-01
Author
Gunduz, Huseyin Ozgur
Isitman, Nihat Ali
Aykol, Muratahan
Kaynak, Cevdet
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
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Interfacial properties, crystallinity and flammability of short fiber reinforced and flame retarded polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 compounds are investigated, emphasizing the influence of flame retardant fillers on the resistance of fiber/matrix interface to shear. Interfacial shear strengths are derived through a micromechanical approach by determining the tensile properties and residual fiber length distributions. Validated by fracture morphologies, interfacial strengths are found to be governed by filler-induced apparent crystallinities and fractional occurrence of polyamide polymorphs, obtained via peak deconvolution of X-Ray diffraction patterns. Although flame retardant additives based on Br/Sb synergism are found to impart excellent flammability reductions regarding oxygen index and UL94 classifications (V-0 rating), degree of crystallinity; thus, interfacial properties are deteriorated due to lowered thermal expansion and increased cooling rates. Red phosphorus as a flame retardant also induces a UL94 V-0 and significant reduction in flammability together with the facts that crystallinity is not altered and a strong fiber/matrix interface is maintained. Use of melamine cyanurate in an unreinforced polyamide improves the limiting oxygen index considerably; however, the UL94 rating remains unchanged as V-2 as a consequence of increased level of melt dripping. Melamine cyanurate additionally increases the degree of crystallinity through promotion of heterogeneous nucleation.
Subject Keywords
Materials Chemistry
,
Materials Science (miscellaneous)
,
General Chemical Engineering
,
Polymers and Plastics
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/46570
Journal
POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/03602550903092575
Collections
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Article
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H. O. Gunduz, N. A. Isitman, M. Aykol, and C. Kaynak, “Interfacial Interactions and Flammability of Flame-Retarded and Short Fiber-Reinforced Polyamides,”
POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
, pp. 1046–1054, 2009, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/46570.