Discussion of "Subsurface characterization at ground failure sites in Adapazari, Turkey" by Jonathan D. Bray, Rodolfo B. Sancio, Turan Durgunoglu, Akin Onalp, T. Leslie Youd, Jonathan P. Stewart, Raymond B. Seed, Onder K. Cetin, Ertan Bol, M. B. Baturay, C. Christensen, and T Karadayilar - July 2004, vol. 130, no. 7, pp. 673-685.

Download

index.pdf

Date

2006-04-01

Author

Bakır, Bahadır Sadık

Metadata

Show full item record

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Item Usage Stats

222
views

211
downloads

Ground failure in Adapazari, Turkey during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake was severe. Hundreds of structures settled, slid, tilted, and collapsed due in part to liquefaction and ground softening. Ground failure was more severe adjacent to and under buildings. The soils that led to severe building damage were generally low plasticity silts. In this paper, the results of a comprehensive investigation of the soils of Adapazari, which included cone penetration test ~CPT! profiles followed by borings with standard penetration tests ~SPTs! and soil index tests, are presented. The effects of subsurface conditions on the occurrence of ground failure and its resulting effect on building performance are explored through representative case histories. CPT- and SPT-based liquefaction triggering procedures adequately identified soils that liquefied if the clay-size criterion of the Chinese criteria was disregarded. The CPT was able to identify thin seams of loose liquefiable silt, and the SPT ~with retrieved samples! allowed for reliable evaluation of the liquefaction susceptibility of fine-grained soils. A well-documented database of in situ and index testing is now available for incorporating in future CPT- and SPT-based liquefaction triggering correlations.

Subject Keywords

Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, General Environmental Science

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/37338

Journal

JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2004)130:7(673)

Collections

Department of Civil Engineering, Article

Suggestions

OpenMETU
Core

Zero-Displacement Lateral Spreads, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake Youd, T. Leslie; Deden, Daniel W.; Bray, Jonathan D.; Sancio, Rodolfo; Çetin, Kemal Önder; Gerber, Travis M. (American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2009-01-01) Three potential lateral spreads exhibited negligible displacements during the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake (M(w)=7.5) even though they were located within 7 km of the fault rupture. These spreads are analyzed to verify and augment current procedures for predicting liquefaction resistance and lateral spread displacement. The sites include Cark Canal and Cumhuriyet Avenue in Adapazari, underlain by fine-grained sediment, and Degirmendere Nose adjacent to Izmit Bay, a steeply sloping area underlain by moder...
Discussion of "Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading at Izmit Bay during the Kocaeli (Izmit)-Turkey earthquake" by K. Onder Cetin, T. Leslie Youd, Raymond B. Seed, Jonathan D. Bray, Jonathan P. Stewart, H. Turan Durgunoglu, W. Lettis, and M. Tolga Yilmaz Bakır, Bahadır Sadık (American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2006-07-01) This paper presents a study of liquefaction-induced lateral ground displacements along the coast of Izmit Bay during the 1999 Kocaeli (Izmit)-Turkey earthquake. The paper discusses: (1) observed ground displacements after the earthquake, (2) the results of field investigations by means of borings and in situ index tests, including standard penetration tests, static cone penetration tests, and piezocone tests, (3) analyses of expected lateral displacements using two empirical models and one semiempirical mod...
Analysis of a highway embankment failure associated with the 1999 Duzce, Turkey earthquake Bakır, Bahadır Sadık (Elsevier BV, 2005-04-01) An embankment slope on a major highway totally collapsed during 12 November 1999 Duzce earthquake (M-w = 7.1) due to the intense near field ground motion. The slope had performed satisfactorily, without even minor deformations or cracks, during the Izmit earthquake (M-w = 7.4), another major event that occurred 3 months before and was far field. Predominantly coarse-grained fill of the embankment exhibited typical non-brittle behavior during laboratory tests, implying that the prefailure shear strength woul...
An evaluation of Guldurcek dam response during 6 June 2000 orta earthquake Ozkan, MY; Ozyazicioglu, M; Aksar, UD (Elsevier BV, 2006-05-01) Guldurcek dam located in the central Anatolia was subjected to longitudinal cracks of not wider than 2 cm during 6 June 2000 Orta earthquake. In this study, a brief account of the 6 June 2000 Orta earthquake is given and the results of dynamic FEM analyses of the dam, incorporating the non-linear soil properties under six selected base motions, are presented. Of the six base motions used in the analyses, three have been modified from the European strong motion database having similar ground motion parameter...
Empirical attenuation equations for vertical ground motion in Turkey Kalkan, E; Gulkan, P (SAGE Publications, 2004-08-01) In the aftermath of two destructive urban earthquakes in 1999 in Turkey, empirical models of strong motion attenuation relationships that have been previously developed for North American and European earthquakes have been utilized in a number of national seismic hazard studies.. However, comparison of empirical evidence and estimates present significant differences. For that reason, a data set created from a suite of 100 vertical strong ground motion records from 47 national earthquakes that occurred betwe...

Citation Formats

B. S. Bakır, “Discussion of “Subsurface characterization at ground failure sites in Adapazari, Turkey” by Jonathan D. Bray, Rodolfo B. Sancio, Turan Durgunoglu, Akin Onalp, T. Leslie Youd, Jonathan P. Stewart, Raymond B. Seed, Onder K. Cetin, Ertan Bol, M. B. Baturay, C. Christensen, and T Karadayilar - July 2004, vol. 130, no. 7, pp. 673-685.,” JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, pp. 537–539, 2006, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/37338.