Chemical Alternatives Assessment for Substitution of Hazardous Chemicals with Safer Alternatives

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2021-5

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Rahim, Danial

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Consumer demand for safer chemicals has given rise to chemical alternatives assessment (CAA) to enable informed substitution of hazardous chemicals. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate alternatives for five hazardous chemicals, which are still being used in Turkey, via CAA to enable their informed substitution. The target chemicals are: three phthalates; Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) used as plasticizers, and two flame retardants; Decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) and Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). They are all restricted or need authorization for use in Europe. A total of 13 alternative compounds were evaluated for these five target chemicals. The CAA steps included in this study were: (i) chemical hazard assessment (CHA) with GreenScreen hazard assessment tool, (ii) environmental exposure assessment (EEA) with Equilibrium Criterion (EQC) model, and (iii) qualitative human exposure assessment (QHEA). Comparative evaluations were made among alternative and target chemicals, followed by recommendations. EEA could not be performed for six of the alternatives due to missing information or inorganic nature of chemicals. Amongst six alternatives for phthalates, Di-isononyl adipate (DINA) showed development toxicity concern and recommended to be avoided for use, while glycerides, castor-oil-mono, hydrogenated, acetates (COMGHA) has the highest potential as a safe altenative. For HBCD, all three alternatives were safer according to CHA, two were similar according to EEA and QHEA, yet Butadiene styrene-brominated-copolymer shows the most promise owing to its least hazardous nature, as per CHA. All four selected alternatives for DecaBDE, regarding automotive applications, showed favorable CHA scoring. Although Aluminum diethylphosphinate and Polyphosphonate shows lower human exposure potential, further inquiry is required on environmental exposure of all alternatives.

Subject Keywords

GreenScreen, Equilibrium criterion model (EQC), Phthalates, Flame retardants, Chemical alternatives assessment

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https://hdl.handle.net/11511/91050

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Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Thesis

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Citation Formats

D. Rahim, “Chemical Alternatives Assessment for Substitution of Hazardous Chemicals with Safer Alternatives,” M.S. - Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, 2021.